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专家:仲裁案有七大不合法 应提请联合国终止程序

2016-07-13 08:30:40   

傅崐成:仲裁案有七大不合法 应提请联合国终止程序

【环球时报记者曲翔宇】对南海仲裁案临时仲裁庭的裁决结果,知名台湾国际法学家、厦门大学南海研究院院长傅崐成12日对《环球时报》记者表示,仲裁庭赤裸裸地按照菲律宾的主张是对国际法不可思议的偏颇歪曲,只能说更进一步破坏了国际社会对于国际司法或准司法的信心。

傅崐成认为,仲裁结果主要有七处不合法:一是在管辖权上,完全忽视《联合国海洋法公约》第288条和第298条有关“例外的规定,只把一个最基本的“管辖权”规定拿出来当做结论,而《公约》规定是超过160国根据国际经验与惯例,总结出来的成果。《公约》明文规定,争端只要涉及海洋划界、领域主权、军事冲突、历史性权利,任何缔约国就可书面声明以排除强制管辖。

二是完全否认中国主张的历史性权利。如果一个成文合同或条约想把其他的权利都吸收进来,必须有合并条款,而仲裁结果完全没有这类条款。而且,中国主张的历史性权利并没有排他性,也从未主张“U型线”是排他的,而仲裁员对此完全没提。

三是仲裁员将中国渔民捕鱼居住的事实与日本人采磷矿石并列,是对事实刻意的歪曲与误导。日本公司在中国领土上采鸟粪时间很短,而且开采不久就被中国渔民举报,最后由中国政府赶走、拆掉设备。

四是仲裁员不了解《公约》有关岛礁生存条件的规定本身具有极大弹性,却执意按照菲律宾人的标准将所有南沙岛礁一概判为礁。

五是仲裁员认为中国侵害菲律宾的专属经济区权利,并称之为主权性权利,相当于承认菲律宾岛礁的主权,却否认我们的岛礁主权。这不仅违反公约规定,更不符合所有国际司法与准司法惯例——国际司法无权仲裁主权问题。

六是仲裁庭在认为中国南沙“建人工岛”,不管南沙那些岛礁面积有多小,都是广义上的岛,而且中国无论进行怎样的建设行为,至少不会让这些岛礁降级,变成低潮高地或岩块。这种用语具有严重误导性。

七是片面指责中国,却完全没有提到菲律宾阻止、虐待我国渔民的事实,更完全没有提到菲律宾加剧冲突、破坏环境的事实。菲律宾、越南等国一早就修了跑道。

傅崐成表示,五人临时小组就可以解释超过160个国家历经9年谈判协商出来的公约,这必将重创国际司法公信力,使公约的所有成文法内容变得不可预期。另外,该裁决结果将鼓励菲律宾一类的国家滥诉,好像国际司法就是“有钱能使鬼推磨”,削弱谈判作为解决国际争端方式的作用,破坏主权平等原则。

傅崐成认为,仲裁结果出炉应成为海峡两岸中国人联手发起国际宣传战的开端,共同为国际法体系的完善做出自身贡献。首先,我们可以结合国际社会上有同样书面声明的国家,召开国际会议,共同解释《公约》第298条的价值,凸显其真正意涵。尤其要团结曾遭受西方殖民之苦的小国弱国,共同反对国际法体系、国际秩序中残存的“欧洲中心主义”。

其次要重点敦促美国形成对国际法的基本尊重。单看仲裁全过程,美国事先与仲裁员有多次沟通,不断威胁使用武力,严重违反《联合国宪章》,对此我们要着重强调。

另外,我们还要联合印度、法国、洪都拉斯、葡萄牙、西班牙、秘鲁、厄瓜多尔、阿根廷等国,共同主张非群岛国家的群岛水域,并在联合国层面,要求禁止片面出席情况下,片面付费进行国际仲裁,立刻停止所谓“仲裁程序”,公开所有与此次仲裁相关的账目。国际仲裁员在本案中已被证明是可以被收买的,就像某些国际体育组织一样。

责任编辑:李东舰 CN031、翟明 CN040
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