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国务院就与菲律宾的南海争议发表白皮书(全文)

2016-07-13 10:37:14   新华网

17.1940年出版的日本文献《暴风之岛》和1925年美国海军航道测量署发行的《亚洲领航》(第四卷)等也记载了中国渔民在南沙群岛生产生活的情况。

18.中国是最早开始并持续对南海诸岛及相关海上活动进行管理的国家。历史上,中国通过行政设治、水师巡视、资源开发、天文测量、地理调查等手段,对南海诸岛和相关海域进行了持续、和平、有效的管辖。

19.例如,宋代,中国在两广地区设有经略安抚使,总绥南疆。宋代曾公亮在《武经总要》中提到中国为加强南海海防,设立巡海水师,巡视南海。清代明谊编著的《琼州府志》、钟元棣编著的《崖州志》等著作都把“石塘”、“长沙”列入“海防”条目。

20.中国很多官修地方志,如《广东通志》、《琼州府志》、《万州志》等,在“疆域”或“舆地山川”条目中有“万州有千里长沙、万里石塘”或类似记载。

21.中国历代政府还在官方地图上将南海诸岛标绘为中国领土。1755年《皇清各直省分图》之《天下总舆图》、1767年《大清万年一统天下图》、1810年《大清万年一统地理全图》、1817年《大清一统天下全图》等地图均将南海诸岛绘入中国版图。

22.历史事实表明,中国人民一直将南海诸岛和相关海域作为生产和生活的场所,从事各种开发利用活动。中国历代政府也持续、和平、有效地对南海诸岛实施管辖。在长期历史过程中,中国确立了对南海诸岛的主权和在南海的相关权益,中国人民早已成为南海诸岛的主人。

(二)中国始终坚定维护在南海的领土主权和海洋权益

23.中国对南海诸岛的主权在20世纪前未遭遇任何挑战。20世纪30年代至40年代,法国和日本先后以武力非法侵占中国南沙群岛部分岛礁。对此,中国人民奋起抵抗,当时中国政府采取一系列措施,捍卫对南沙群岛的主权。

24.1933年,法国曾经一度侵入南沙群岛部分岛礁,发布政府公报宣告“占领”,制造了“九小岛事件”。中国各地各界反应强烈、群起抗议,纷纷谴责法国的侵略行径。居住在南沙群岛的中国渔民也在实地进行抵抗,符洪光、柯家裕、郑兰锭等人砍倒法国在太平岛、北子岛、南威岛、中业岛等岛上悬挂法国国旗的旗杆。

25.“九小岛事件”发生后,中国外交部发言人表示,南沙群岛有关岛屿“仅有我渔人居留岛上,在国际上确认为中国领土”,中国政府就法方侵入九小岛提出严正交涉。同时,广东省政府针对法国诱骗中国渔民悬挂法国国旗,命令各县长布告,禁止在南沙群岛及海域作业的中国渔船悬挂外国旗帜,并给渔民发放中国国旗,要求悬挂。

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