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国务院就与菲律宾的南海争议发表白皮书(全文)

2016-07-13 10:37:14   新华网

114.菲律宾对中国黄岩岛提出的非法领土要求没有任何国际法依据。所谓黄岩岛在菲律宾200海里专属经济区内因而是菲律宾领土的主张,显然是对国际法蓄意和荒唐的歪曲。菲律宾派军舰武装闯入黄岩岛附近海域,严重侵犯中国领土主权,严重违背《宪章》和国际法基本原则。菲律宾鼓动并怂恿菲方船只和人员大规模侵入中国黄岩岛海域,严重侵犯中国在黄岩岛海域的主权和主权权利。菲律宾非法抓扣在黄岩岛海域正常作业的中国渔民并施以严重的非人道待遇,严重侵犯中国渔民的人格尊严,践踏人权。

(四)菲律宾单方面提起仲裁是恶意行为

115.2013年1月22日,菲律宾共和国时任政府违背中菲之间达成并多次确认的通过谈判解决南海有关争议的共识,违反其在《宣言》中作出的庄严承诺,在明知领土争议不属于《公约》调整范围,海洋划界争议已被中国2006年有关声明排除的情况下,蓄意将有关争议包装成单纯的《公约》解释或适用问题,滥用《公约》争端解决机制,单方面提起南海仲裁案。菲律宾此举不是为了解决与中国的争议,而是企图借此否定中国在南海的领土主权和海洋权益。菲律宾的行为是恶意的。

116.第一,菲律宾单方面提起仲裁,违反中菲通过双边谈判解决争议的协议。中菲在有关双边文件中已就通过谈判解决南海有关争议达成协议并多次予以确认。中国和菲律宾在《宣言》中就通过谈判解决南海有关争议作出郑重承诺,并一再在双边文件中予以确认。上述中菲两国各项双边文件以及《宣言》的相关规定相辅相成,构成中菲两国之间的协议。两国据此选择了以谈判方式解决有关争端,并排除了包括仲裁在内的第三方方式。“约定必须遵守”。这项国际法基础规范必须得到执行。菲律宾违背自己的庄严承诺,是严重的背信弃义行为,不为菲律宾创设任何权利,也不为中国创设任何义务。

117.第二,菲律宾单方面提起仲裁,侵犯中国作为《公约》缔约国自主选择争端解决方式的权利。《公约》第十五部分第280条规定,“本公约的任何规定均不损害任何缔约国于任何时候协议用自行选择的任何和平方法解决它们之间有关本公约的解释或适用的争端的权利”;第281条规定,“作为有关本公约的解释或适用的争端各方的缔约各国,如已协议用自行选择的和平方法来谋求解决争端,则只有在诉诸这种方法仍未得到解决以及争端各方间的协议并不排除任何其他程序的情形下,才适用本部分所规定的程序”。由于中菲之间已就通过谈判解决争议作出明确选择,《公约》规定的第三方强制争端解决程序不适用。

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