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国务院就与菲律宾的南海争议发表白皮书(全文)

2016-07-13 10:37:14   新华网

64.第二,“卡拉延岛群”是菲律宾发现的“无主地”,这一说法根本不成立。菲律宾以其国民于1956年所谓“发现”为基础,将中国南沙群岛部分岛礁称为“卡拉延岛群”,企图制造地理名称和概念上的混乱,并割裂南沙群岛。事实上,南沙群岛的地理范围是清楚和明确的,菲律宾所谓“卡拉延岛群”就是中国南沙群岛的一部分。南沙群岛早已成为中国领土不可分割的组成部分,绝非“无主地”。

65.第三,南沙群岛也不是所谓的“托管地”。菲律宾称,二战后南沙群岛是“托管地”,主权未定。菲律宾的说法从法律和事实看,都没有根据。二战后的“托管地”,均在有关国际条约或联合国托管理事会相关文件中明确开列,南沙群岛从未出现在上述名单上,根本就不是“托管地”。

66.第四,“地理邻近”和“国家安全”都不是领土取得的国际法依据。世界上许多国家的部分领土远离其本土,有的甚至位于他国近岸。美国殖民统治菲律宾期间,就菲律宾群岛附近一座岛屿的主权与荷兰产生争端,美国以“地理邻近”为由提出的领土主张被判定为没有国际法依据。以所谓“国家安全”为由侵占他国领土更是荒谬的。

67.第五,菲律宾称,中国南沙群岛部分岛礁位于其专属经济区和大陆架范围内,因此有关岛礁属于菲律宾或构成菲律宾大陆架组成部分。这一主张企图以《公约》所赋予的海洋管辖权否定中国领土主权,与“陆地统治海洋”的国际法原则背道而驰,完全不符合《公约》的宗旨和目的。《公约》序言规定:“在妥为顾及所有国家主权的情形下,为海洋建立一种法律秩序……。”因此,沿海国必须在尊重他国领土主权的前提下主张海洋管辖权,不能将自己的海洋管辖权扩展到他国领土上,更不能以此否定他国主权,侵犯他国领土。

68.第六,菲律宾所谓的“有效控制”是建立在非法侵占基础上的,是非法无效的。国际社会不承认武力侵占形成的所谓“有效控制”。菲律宾所谓“有效控制”是对中国南沙群岛部分岛礁赤裸裸的武力侵占,违背了《联合国宪章》(以下简称《宪章》)和国际关系基本准则,为国际法所明确禁止。菲律宾建立在非法侵占基础上的所谓“有效控制”,不能改变南沙群岛是中国领土的基本事实。中国坚决反对任何人试图把南沙群岛部分岛礁被侵占的状态视为所谓“既成事实”或“现状”,中国对此绝不承认。

(三)国际海洋法制度的发展导致中菲出现海洋划界争议

69.随着《公约》的制订和生效,中国和菲律宾之间的南海有关争议逐步激化。

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