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债市利空积聚 保险机构持债意愿整体下降

2017-09-22 07:37:35   中国经济网

事实上,从上市保险公司的半年报也能看到,债券依然是大型保险公司的投资重点。

值得关注的是,保费收入稳定性不及大公司,中小保险公司抛售债券压力更大。今年1月至7月,万能险为代表的保户投资款新增交费同比下滑了56.06%,较两年前97.06%的增速水平形成强烈对比。

“在保费收入增速放缓的趋势下,由于保费收入稳定性不及大公司,小保险公司未来或面临债券抛售压力。”华创证券报告指出,“分规模来看,政策冲击下大小保险公司万能险增速均出现了大幅下滑。原保费收入方面,大保险公司增速变化不大,但小保险公司却大幅回落,相对于大的保险公司,小保险公司收入来源不够稳定。从规模占比上看,保费收入越来越向大公司集中。不排除小保险公司在负债续不上的情况下,选择抛售债券以应对流动性风险。”

保险公司为目前银行间债券市场最主要的机构投资者之一。保险机构开始撤离,对债券市场行业也产生一定影响。

债券后市仍承压

华创债券团队方面指出,上周以来资金面不断边际收紧,目前央行维持资金面紧平衡的态度决定了流动性不可能宽松。在二级市场难和一级市场产生良性共振的情况下,利率趋势下行较为困难。随着季度末时点的逐步到来,资金面依然是近期影响债市的主导因素,在趋势向好机会尚未到来之前,各机构谨慎操作并不出人意料。

再从政策面来看,金融行业进入强监管时代。虽然当前去杠杆取得了一定效果,如银监会通气会指出上半年银行同业业务收缩、理财增速降至个位数,M2增速持续降至个位数。但信托贷款、非标投资等仍明显高增,这意味着银行业“三三四”专项治理(“三违反”——违反金融法律、违反监管规则、违反内部规章;“三套利”——监管套利、空转套利、关联套利;“四不当”——不当创新、不当交易、不当激励、不当收费)的后续检查和问责仍将继续进行。金融监管的推进,意味着四季度依旧需要防范监管执行力度超预期对债市可能产生的负面扰动。

种种迹象表明,强化金融监管将是未来金融市场稳定与发展的主旋律。同时,为配合去杠杆的目标,货币政策依然会继续保持稳健中性的基调。因此,“强监管+中性货币”大概率是我国下一阶段的最重要的政策组合。

总体而言,在金融防风险大环境短期难变,基础货币投放依靠OMO、MLF等公开市场操作渠道,银行体系钱少、钱短、钱贵状况不改的背景下,债市新增配置力量来自于哪里的老问题仍会困扰市场,“理财-委外”链条很难再有大的扩张,银行表内在负债端压力下有限资源仍会向信贷甚至地方债倾斜。我们认为,除非基本面因素发生变化,否则追涨不会是更好的选择。目前袭扰债市的核心利空因素尚未改变,投资者应警惕监管政策年内出现“堰塞湖”式的落地,这或将对债券市场形成新的冲击。

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