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股权激励火速扩围 限制性股票成主流

2017-09-14 08:57:33   新华网

  限制性股票为何渐成主流

梳理各式股权激励方案,不难发现,限制性股票类的激励计划出现得越来越多。据业内人士介绍,限制性股票占据主流,正是由于其在风险收益设计上更加平衡,更符合市场化的要求,能够起到更强的激励作用。

首先看激励条件,按现行规则,限制性股票和股票期权都要设立绩效考核指标,且应包括公司指标和个人指标,而此前使用较多的员工持股计划则无需设定,这意味着限制性股票和股票期权更多地关注公司本身业绩成长,而非中短期的股价起伏。

太阳纸业推出的限制性股票方案便是如此,公司拟向674名员工授予不超过5677万股限制性股票,占公告时公司股本的2.24%。在解除限售的条件上,方案设置了2017至2019年的业绩考核目标,即以2016年净利润为基数,上述三年对应净利润增长率不得低于60%、80%和100%。若未能完成,则所有激励对象对应考核年度的限制性股票不得解除限售,由公司回购注销。

再看风险收益配比,与股票期权、员工持股计划相比,限制性股票更有高风险、高收益的特性,这也恰恰符合激励的初衷。

“限制性股票一开始就需要员工掏出真金白银买入,虽说设计有回购机制,但与股票期权完全不需要先掏钱相比,这就足以令员工产生达到业绩目标的压力。”沪上某私募人士表示,这是限制性股票所体现的风险要素。

其认为,限制性股票的正向激励作用同样显著。按现行规则,限制性股票可以让员工按照五折价格购入股票,一旦能够达标解禁,收益除了股价上涨部分,还有折价部分。而股票期权的行权价格则没有折扣,少了折价部分的丰厚收益。

与上述两种股权激励方式相比,员工持股计划则更加难以达到平衡:一方面,难以大折扣获得股票,变相缩小了未来的收益空间;另一方面,却需要员工一开始拿出真金白银,即使有实际控制人的资金兜底,至少也要承担与限制性股票类似的时间成本、资金成本。

  看待激励仍需谨慎

那么,设计了股权激励方案,将员工利益与公司利益“捆绑”,是否就意味着公司业绩和股价表现能蒸蒸日上了呢?

沪上某私募人士表示,限制性股票和股票期权都是为公司发展定下了目标,既然是目标便存在无法实现的可能,如果仅以此作为判断公司业绩和股价是否有前景的标准,未免过于简单。

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