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新规直击股票质押风险点 场外质押摩拳擦掌

2017-09-14 07:47:53   中国经济网

9月8日,中国证券业协会就《证券公司参与股票质押式回购交易风险管理指引(征求意见稿)》(简称“指引”)公开征求意见。资深投行人士认为,“指引”有效降低了券商等金融机构的风险,当然也会损失一部分业务机会,券商之间的竞争会更激烈。对估值高、业绩差、股东质押融资但又没有投资主业的上市公司影响比较大。

某投资公司负责人也对“指引”拍手叫好。他直言:“这样的政策措施,既补充完善了减持新政,规避了市场不良资产的累加,也有助于进一步去杠杆。同时,并没有封杀质押融资业务,出发点是让质押融资更好地运行。新老划断,给这些机构留了条路。”

分析人士指出,在管好金融机构的同时,也应当看到场外质押机构的大量存在和股东融资的迫切需求,谨防场外质押引发新的风险。业内人士认为,“指引”主要针对的是场内质押合作,场外质押目前虽然也有在同步做相应的调整,但仍能做高质押率融资。而且场外质押与场内质押走的系统不一样,场外质押业务目前可以说是一个监管盲区。

直指大股东“资本腾挪”

“指引”明确,单一证券公司接受单只A股股票质押数量不得超过该股票A股股本的30%,单一资产管理产品接受单只A股股票质押的数量不得超过该股票A股股本的15%。同时,明确单只A股股票市场整体质押比例不得超过50%。

“指引”出台的背后,是上市公司大股东不可思议的资本腾挪。一旦公司上市,股东个人财富会成百上千倍增长。这还不算,某些上市公司的大股东似乎认为拥有了一台“印钞机”,可以不时从二级市场募集资金;定向增发、发行优先股等不算,还可以发行债券,利率普遍低于一般公司债。从2015年开始,又多了个融资更方便、质押率更高的私募可交换债。

这些招式还不够,某些上市公司的大股东,还能通过“运作”自家股票而获利满满。这当中股票质押融资一度成为某些人造富梦的关键一环。

某信托公司投资经理告诉中国证券报记者,某些大股东一般会通过信托公司1:2配资,大股东的自有资金占比是1,通过银行理财产品、信托计划等募集的资金占比是2。在利好消息公布前“埋伏”到自家股票里。然后利好不断,刺激股价大幅上涨。等股价上涨到大股东的心理价位时,再把股票在高位质押给券商,最大限度地融出资金。融出的资金抽出一部分即可作为优先级资金的收益,其余全部是大股东的获利。

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