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人民币对美元中间价10连升 专家:维稳汇率仍面挑战

2017-09-10 07:42:38   中国经济网

六、美元走向仍是影响人民币汇率的主要因素。特朗普新政涵盖医疗改革、减税、基础设施以及外部经济失衡治理等政策措施的实施并不顺利,但上述政策的确击中了美国经济要害,即使部分得以实施,美国经济结构性问题将会得到明显缓解,会进一步推动美国通胀上升和经济的稳步增长。近日,美国财政部长努钦表示,美国政府已准备好一份“非常详尽”的税改计划,对该计划前景“非常乐观”。另一方面,当前美国经济依然稳定,除了通货膨胀外,其他经济数据表现良好,加上市场对特朗普新政的悲观预期逐渐趋向理性,短期看,美元走软对于美国贸易有正面的影响,但其下行空间是有限的。长期看,美元仍将保持一定的强势。

走势判断

对于人民币对美元接下来的走势,笔者认为,人民币汇率双向波动成为“常态化”,不会出现以往的单边升值或贬值的态势。当然,短期看,人民币对美元可能还有一定升值空间。

人民币汇率走势“拐点”的出现,除了取决于国内经济基本面等因素外,更应关注美元的走势。一旦美元重返升值通道,将会打破人民币汇率升值的节奏,并会出现一定的贬值。

此外,由于汇率对于经济发展有一定滞后效应,要密切关注人民币持续升值对中国经济尤其是对外经济影响:首先,对出口贸易影响。年初以来人民币汇率持续走强,对出口企业尤其是加工贸易企业影响已逐步显现。目前出口订单指数出现持续下滑,出口压力增大。8月份,出口订单指数为50.4%,较上月下降0.5个百分点,尽快指数51.4%,较上月回升0.3个百分点。

其次,去年人民币汇率持续贬值,境内企业加快外债“去杠杠”的节奏。但今年以来,随着汇率持续走强,加上原先严格管理的外债政策在审批和结汇方面均有所放松,企业借用外债积极性明显提升,外债规模也有所增加。截至今年3月末,我国全口径外债余额1.44万亿美元,较去年末增加172亿美元,增长1.2%;从初步数据看,二季度外债继续回升。另一方面,境内企业在境外发债规模成倍增加。据彭博数据显示,今年上半年中资企业在海外发行美元债1099只,发债规模累计1483亿美元,较2016年同期,发债数量增加近十倍,发债规模约增加了三倍。一旦美元升值,人民币走弱,企业还本付息压力又将明显增大,这也应引起足够的关注。

(作者系中国人民大学国际货币研究所学术委员)

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