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大宗商品上升周期形成 进入“慢牛”状态

2017-09-08 08:47:11   中国经济网

四是过剩产能逐步出清助力长期供求关系平衡。

上一轮大宗商品牛市行情中,高额利润吸引大量投资,刺激了产能急剧扩张。比如全球铁矿石产能的巨大膨胀、中国煤炭和金属冶炼能力的迅速增长、美国页岩油气产能显著提升、东南亚天然橡胶(17240, -305.00, -1.74%)种植面积的急剧扩张等,致使几乎所有大宗商品领域都出现了较为严重的产能过剩,成为大宗商品进入“熊市”的重要因素。为了实现产需平衡,近些年来中国决策部门开始了钢铁过剩产能的逐步出清,即供给侧结构性改革。目前已经取得了较大成效。权威数据显示,仅仅钢铁去产能方面,2016年全国钢铁去产能大约7000万吨,2017年继续缩减5000万吨。

此外,2017年上半年全国取缔、关停“地条钢”生产企业600多家,涉及产能约1.2亿吨。粗略估算,迄今为止全国钢铁实际去产能应该有2亿多吨。还关闭了一大批煤炭、铁矿石、焦炭(2388, 30.00, 1.27%)、电解铝等方面的落后企业。受其影响,全国金属、煤炭、化工等方面供求关系明显改善,部分产品甚至出现供应偏紧,从而推动了价格谷底回升。预计下一阶段主管部门将会巩固去产能成果,采取措施防范关闭产能死灰复燃。同时“铁腕”治理环保也将抑制落后产能释放。在这样的政策环境下,中国资源性产品产能,特别是落后产能的逐步出清,将会夯实大宗商品市场新的“牛市”周期基础。

五是连续数年投资减少削弱了供应能力。

近年来在实施供给侧结构性改革,努力削减过剩产能的同时,市场平衡机制也在发挥作用。主要表现为此前的大宗商品市场深陷数年“寒冬”,销售价格普遍“腰斩”,行业利润急剧萎缩,有些还出现大面积亏损。从此前国内煤炭、铁矿石及金属冶炼行业的投资情况看,也是连年下降。

据统计,2015年全国采矿业固定资产投资比上年下降8.8%,2016年下降20.4%,2017年前7月再降6.1%;2014年全国煤炭开采和洗选业固定资产投资比上年下降9.5%,2015年下降14.4%,2016年下降24.2%,2017年前7个月虽然小幅增长1.6%,但投资依然处于较低水平;2014年全国黑色金属冶炼和压延加工业固定资产投资比上年下降5.9%,2015年下降10.9%,2016年下降2.2%,2017年前7个月下降11.8%;2015年全国有色金属冶炼和压延加工业固定资产投资比上年下降4%,2016年下降5.8%,2017年前7月再降5.2%。全国采矿、煤炭、金属等行业投资的连续数年大幅缩减,肯定会抑制未来产能,这将有利于较长时间供求关系的相对平衡。

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