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自闭症群体最具“抢救价值”

2017-09-06 06:02:06   中国青年网

记者:一个孩子的传奇会让一群家长充满幻想,自闭症孩子中到底有多少“天才儿童”?

邹小兵:国外报道大约10%有特殊才能,我们的调查是7%的自闭症孩子有不同程度的特殊才能。比较“出名”的有在特奥会上演奏钢琴的高智宁、绘画天才大哲、小神算顶超等。但即使是天才儿童,也未必能摆脱自闭症核心症状的困扰,在社会交往、情绪控制、生活自理方面仍存在很多困难。

记者:绝大多数自闭症孩子没有天赋,家长面临什么关?

邹小兵:心理关,必须要接受事实。我们这里接到太多来自各地要求作最终诊断的家长,因为无法接受初诊结果四处求证,耽误孩子一两年,非常可惜。CT、磁共振、脑电图、抽血化验,没有一种检查可以确诊自闭症,医生的观察判断、经验积累是关键。建议家长只要孩子“疑似”就立即接受干预,不打针不吃药,就算最终不是自闭症,也弥补了孩子的发育落后。

记者:确诊在医院训练在机构,机构有没有什么问题?

邹小兵:自闭症核心障碍是社交障碍,社交元素的嵌入是重中之重,以社会交往、情绪调控为核心的训练才是好训练,中国的机构普遍存在重认知、轻社交的问题,需要调整方向。

记者:自闭症真能治好吗?

邹小兵:自闭症的“痊愈”是可能的,不同研究报道“痊愈”率为3%-25%。相比其他智障,自闭症人群最具“抢救价值”,干预与不干预天壤之别,早诊断早干预令重度患者有显著改善,轻度患者放任不管会加重。在我们的孩子当中,已有越来越多“混迹”于正常人群之中,有的还是同学们眼中有些“小特别”的艺术尖子。

记者:作为家长们信赖的医生,您有什么提醒?

邹小兵:不要自责,自闭症不是父母疏离孩子造成的;不要相信药物能治好自闭症;“疫苗导致自闭症”已被医学界证明“不实研究”;无麸质饮食、感统训练、“先进仪器”对自闭症都无直接效果。记住“六个一”:一定要训练,一定要自然,一定要耐心,一定要有爱,一定要快乐,一定有前途。

学生活自理远比学知识重要

学生活自理远比学知识重要

郭延庆 全国知名自闭症研究专家,北京大学第六医院儿童心理卫生中心主任医师,擅长运用“应用行为分析法(ABA)”理论对自闭症儿童进行干预。长期通过讲座、微博等多种形式进行自闭症科普。

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