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跰趾特征非汉族群体独有
2017-09-06 03:26:49 中国青年网
尚生科
日前,中国科学院-马普学会计算生物学伙伴研究所汪思佳研究组与复旦大学李辉课题组发表合作研究成果指出:全基因组关联分析表明,跰趾特征非汉族群体所独有。
跰趾,也称为瓣状甲,是指小脚趾甲分瓣的特征。该研究针对汉族群体中广泛存在的跰趾特征进行了分析,发现跰趾在其他民族群体中也有较高频率分布。
北方各省,特别是山东,有很多人自称是明代来自山西洪洞县大槐树下的移民,他们大都有跰趾特征,并因此认为他们拥有共同的祖先。著名的小说《最后的匈奴》中描写匈奴人没有跰趾特征,可以此与汉族区分。有趣的是,对于跰趾,西方医学甚至认为这也许是一种脚部病变,多由摩擦而产生,并有相关治疗文献。只有中国人对跰趾有着如此独特的民族情怀。复旦大学公共卫生学院以往进行的一项调查研究表明,在陕西、山西、河南、江苏、浙江、江西、福建七省的汉族群体中均有跰趾特征的分布。
虽然一些文学作品中认为跰趾是汉族的独特表型,但遗传学认为,即使是由主效基因控制的性状,在同一谱系中也有可能出现多种基因型,从而出现不同特征。所以通过跰趾来区分汉族,显然是不合理的。
针对跰趾的描述,迄今为止多限于文学作品,基于遗传学的研究十分罕见。为此,汪思佳研究组开展了第一个针对东亚汉族人群跰趾特征的全基因组关联研究,揭示了小脚趾甲分瓣的一系列特性。研究发现,跰趾的出现在左右脚不完全对称,右脚出现率略高于左脚,在男女之间没有明显差异。对大于20岁的成年人,年龄不会造成显著差异。全基因组关联分析以及候选基因分析均没有发现显著的主效基因对跰趾具有影响,推翻了之前普遍认可的跰趾符合孟德尔显性遗传规律。研究人员认为该特征更可能是由多个微效基因共同作用而引起的。此外,该研究还对其他民族群体的跰趾进行了分析,通过比较不同族人群中跰趾的出现频率,否定了跰趾作为民族特征标志的可能性。
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