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业内质疑:滴滴“名为共享经济,实为租赁经济”

2017-08-15 10:14:28   中国经济网

“共享经济”只是旗号?

在出行市场最先使用“共享经济”概念的是Uber,滴滴出行的产品设计相当一部分灵感来自于此。Uber在海外市场的扩张早就受到质疑。美国华盛顿特区经济趋势基金会总裁杰里米·里夫金曾对《中国经济周刊》记者评价说,Uber是一个悖论,“一方面它使用‘共享经济’的旗号,本应青睐扁平、放权和自由度较高的管理制度,但其内部的体系又相当垂直,将一个国家的资源层层分包,几乎每进入一个城市,就力图垄断该地区几乎所有私家车辆。”

“为什么一定要用Uber呢?” 里夫金说,全球很多地方都有私家车主发起“反Uber”行动,他们自己安装定位系统,自己建立约车平台,一样可以提供不亚于Uber的服务。在“共享经济”旗号下,出现了一个垄断一切资源的“巨无霸”,该怎么办?里夫金的建议是:鼓励竞争。

滴滴的尴尬处境像极了Uber。在滴滴与优步中国合并前,中国IT研究中心(CNIT-Research)发布的数据显示,2016年一季度滴滴在国内专车市场以85.3%占据行业之首,优步中国、易到用车及神州专车的市场份额分别为7.8%、3.3%和2.9%。单以市场份额计,与优步中国合并后,滴滴以高达93.1%的市场份额坐实中国专车市场的头把交椅。

滴滴的另一尴尬之处源于资本的压力,今年4月获得新一轮55亿美元投资后,其市场估值已达500亿美元,背后投资方不乏北汽集团、中信资本、中国投资有限责任公司等“国家队”成员。根据“共享经济”的全球公认定义,其是“针对闲置资源,保留其所有权,让渡一部分使用权以求获得某种收益,并借此达到节约社会资源,提高资源使用效率”的一种经济形式;然而纵观目前交通出行领域的“共享经济”,无论单车还是汽车,其所有资产均由平台置办,所有权归属平台,“闲置资源”无从谈起;除“顺风车”外,滴滴出行其余服务均有“租赁经济”之嫌,并非“共享经济”。“滴滴最初的理想是‘共享经济’,但投资方需要盈利,拿了人家的钱,就不能像以往那样按照自己的想法做,而要更多地听投资方的。”业内人士告诉记者,从投资收益比的角度来看,滴滴转做线上租赁公司,显然能更快速地收回成本,更符合资本的运作逻辑,不是“共享经济”又何妨?

“受苦的还是司机。”汪先生说,滴滴想要迎合资本方,就必须想方设法早日盈利;要想早日盈利,就不可避免地要对司机进行“淘汰”和“清洗”,以及要求其变为仅服务于滴滴的“专职”司机等更多苛刻的限制,这已是无法逆转的剧情。

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