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资本压力较往年更大 商业银行掀千亿级“补血”潮

2017-08-04 10:07:54   中国经济网

中国银行国际金融研究所研究员熊启跃则表示。“现在发行可转债的主要原因是,可补充核心一级资本,且股价企稳回升,转股环境基本稳定。”

徐承远也持相同看法,对于投资者而言,可转债兼具股、债双重属性而广受欢迎,“进可攻、退可守”。

扩渠道 商业银行多种方式“补血”

恒丰银行研究院执行院长、中国人民大学重阳金融研究院客座研究员董希淼表示,随着这几年银行规模的不断扩张以及不良贷款率的上升,商业银行资本消耗较为严重,一些银行向“轻型银行”方向转型,走“轻资本、轻资产、轻成本”的道路,以降低业务发展对其资本的影响。不过,由于近年来银行净利润增速趋缓,银行内源性资本补充能力较弱,因此,外源性的资本补充是商业银行的必然选择。

实际上,由于补充资本的需求迫切,除了可转债之外,商业银行仍在持续通过其他方式进行 “补血”。

今年以来,多家上市银行已经披露了其股票定向增发计划。浦发银行拟定向增发募集148亿元的方案,已于今年3月通过证监会发审委审批;5月,北京银行股东大会通过其240亿元定增计划,宁波银行股东大会通过其100亿元定增计划;光大银行310亿元的定增计划目前也由银监会批准。

“从去年的趋势来看,优先股和二级资本工具,仍然是银行补充资本的主要外部渠道。做这样的选择,主要是考虑股价、利率和资金成本等因素。”熊启跃表示。

熊启跃分析,一级资本充足率的监管合规压力最大,发行优先股最为“解渴”,相较于二级资本工具,优先股虽然融资成本略高,但其期限较长,又可计入银行权益,有利于降低财务杠杆,也可计入杠杆率的分子,其综合效益要大于二级资本工具。据媒体统计,今年以来,已有13家上市银行披露或完成2440亿元优先股发行计划。

徐承远则认为,由于二级资本债发行手续简便、限制条件少,筹资成本要低于股本,且能够快速补充资本,使得发行二级资本债券成为商业银行资本补充的主要手段。

受到市场流动性和监管趋严等因素的影响,今年以来,银行二级资本债发行规模较去年有所下降。据Wind数据,今年初截至7月末,商业银行二级资本债发行规模达到1780亿元。

看趋势 今年资本补充压力仍迫切

社科院金融研究所银行研究室主任曾刚表示,资本是银行用来抵御风险的最后一道防线,要降低银行金融风险,就必须把银行的资本充足率保持在一定水平之上。与此同时,银行的业务发展与资本也有重要关联。换句话说,银行资本充足率的高低,直接决定了银行业务的发展空间和发展模式。

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