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资本压力较往年更大 商业银行掀千亿级“补血”潮

2017-08-04 10:07:54   中国经济网

与此同时,中国的银行对资本的依赖程度就更高。按照资本新规要求,系统重要性银行的核心一级资本充足率、一级资本充足率和资本充足率的最低要求分别为8.5%、9.5%和11.5%,非系统重要性银行对应要求分别为7.5%、8.5%和10.5%,并要求商业银行在2018年底前达标。

熊启跃表示,2016年以来,商业银行的核心一级资本出现下降,资本充足率和一级资本充足率的增幅明显收窄。2016年,商业银行资本充足率,较2015年下降了0.17个百分点,这是官方统计以来,资本充足率首次年度范围出现下降。

“资本积累难以支持资产扩张速度。按照现在的投资效率计算,未来若要保持GDP年均6.5%的增速,银行资产规模至少应保持年均13%的增速。要实现杠杆水平的稳定,资本增速就不能低于13%,实现这一目标,在当前经营环境下难度较大。2016年,商业银行的资产规模和所有者权益增速分别为16.6%和13.2%,前者和后者的差值达3.4个百分点,资本的增速低于资产增速,使银行杠杆压力凸显。”他说,目前,虽然实体经济增速回升,但银行体系补充资本的内生动力尚未完全修复,息差、资产质量都将影响银行的融资节奏,银行业整体的资本增速还是要低于资产增速,资本压力会放大。

徐承远也表示,在金融降杠杆和MPA考核背景下,部分同业业务、银行理财和投资业务发展过快的银行,将面临更大的资本考核压力,对资本补充显得特别迫切。

“值得注意的是,过去几年,有的银行把部分表内项目转移到表外,以降低其风险资产规模,从而变相提高了其资本充足率,但实际上其风险本质并未改变。在今年监管趋严、整治影子银行和监管套利的背景下,这些表外项目都将要回表,而回表之后资本充足率就会下降,这也意味着其面临大量补充资本的需求。”曾刚说,今年银行资本的补充压力相对以往年份明显要更大一些。

不过,招商证券金融行业首席分析师马鲲鹏认为,从风险加权资产增速与净资产收益率(ROE)两个维度看,除部分已有充分预期的中小银行外,上市银行并不存在板块性质的大面积股权再融资需求。

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