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可上九天揽月 可下五洋采“冰”——我国首次海域可燃冰试采成功

2017-05-19 08:09:08   新华网

俗话说,柿子要捡软的捏。但可燃冰开采却最怕“软柿子”。

“可燃冰虽然储量大、分布广,但形成年代要比石油、天然气晚得多,覆盖它的海底地层普遍是砂质,现有的海底钻井设备开采它就好比在‘豆腐上打铁’、用‘金刚钻绣花’,稍有不慎就会导致大量砂石涌进管道,造成开采失败。”试采现场指挥部首席科学家、中国地质调查局“李四光学者”卢海龙说。

全球天然气水合物研发活跃的国家主要有中国、美国、日本、加拿大、韩国和印度等,各国竞相投入巨资开展天然气水合物试采,竞争异常激烈。其中,美国、加拿大在陆地上进行过试采,但效果不理想。日本于2013年在其南海海槽进行了海上试采,但因出砂等技术问题失败。2017年4月日本在同一海域进行第二次试采,第一口试采井累计产气3.5万立方米,5月15日再次因出砂问题而中止产气。

“与日本相比,我国海域主要属于粉砂型储层,这也是占全球90%以上比例的储藏类型。砂细导致渗透率更差,同时我国的可燃冰水深大、储层埋层浅,施工难度更大。我们的突破,对于全世界而言更具有可参考和借鉴的价值。”卢海龙说。

攻坚克难,首先依赖于“中国理论”的建立。陆敬安说,在多年勘探和陆地研究的基础上,我国在全球率先建立了可燃冰“两期三型”成矿理论,指导圈定了找矿有利区,精准锁定了试开采目标;创立可燃冰“三相控制”开采理论,应用于试开采模拟和实施方案制定,确保了试采过程安全可控。

试采的成功,也有赖于“中国技术”的突破。广州海洋地质调查局局长助理、试采现场指挥部办公室副主任谢文卫说,通过这次试采,我国实现可燃冰全流程试采核心技术的重大突破,形成了国际领先的新型试采工艺。

“我们创新提出了‘地层流体抽取试采法’,有效解决了储层流体控制与可燃冰稳定持续分解难题。我们成功研发了储层改造增产、可燃冰二次生成预防、防砂排砂等开采测试关键技术,其中很多技术都超出了石油工业的防砂极限。”他说。

试采的成功,也来自“中国装备”的支持。据介绍,这次试用的钻井平台“蓝鲸一号”是我国自主制造的“大国重器”,也是世界最大、钻井深度最深的双井架半潜式钻井平台,可适用于全球任何深海作业,在试采过程中,我国科技工作者还开发了大量拥有自主知识产权的工具并实现成功应用。

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