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中国首次试开采可燃冰成功 燃烧能量超石油数十倍

2017-05-18 13:33:26   新华网

最新消息|南海可燃冰试采成功能量超石油数十倍

国土资源部中国地质调查局今天(5月18日)在南海宣布,我国正在南海北部神狐海域进行的可燃冰试采获得成功,这也标志着我国成为全球第一个实现了在海域可燃冰试开采中获得连续稳定产气的国家。可燃冰,学名天然气水合物,是一种高效清洁,储量巨大的新能源。

可燃冰分布于深海沉积物或陆域永久冻土中,是由天然气与水在高压低温条件下形成的类冰状结晶物质,燃烧后仅会生成少量的二氧化碳和水,污染比煤、石油、天然气小很多,但能量高出十倍。

此外,可燃冰储量巨大,所含有机碳资源总量相当于全球已知煤、石油和天然气总量的两倍,被国际公认为石油、天然气的接替能源。

中国储量|南海预计有680亿吨油当量的可燃冰

那么,作为一种高效清洁能源,“可燃冰”在中国境内的储量有多少?我国作为第三大冻土大国,具备良好的天然气水合物赋存条件和资源前景。国土资源部专家曾表示,通过15年的调查和预测,在南海地区预计有680亿吨油当量的“可燃冰”;除了南海外,在青海地区又发现了350亿吨标准油当量的天然气水合物,中国能源网信息官韩晓平表示,考虑到青藏高原仍有未探明储量的资源,这一地区的“可燃冰”资源储量将会更大。

世界水平|中国开采实力已处在世界前列

面对如此大规模的天然气水合物储量,其何时能被商业开发成为了人们关注的焦点。据了解,技术问题和开采成本成为了制约各国开采天然气水合物的瓶颈。

世界上至少有30多个国家和地区正在进行“可燃冰”的研究与调查勘探。其中,美国、日本每年可燃冰开发投资额分别约10亿、6亿美元,已占据先机。

中国可燃冰勘察研究较发达国家晚近20年,但近年来已取得长足进步,进入了天然气水合物调查研究的世界先进行列,但是在开采方面依旧处于关键技术的研发阶段。我国曾于2009年6月在青海省祁连山南缘永久冻土带成功钻获天可燃冰实物样品,这是世界上首次发现中低纬度可燃冰陆域矿田,为后续技术进步提供理想试验场所。

可燃冰

答疑解惑|到底什么是可燃冰?

“可燃冰”其实就是甲烷水合物,是气体水合物的一种,气体水合物自然界其实很多,就是一些小气体,甲烷、乙烷和二氧化碳和水结合时形成一种笼状的晶体物质,水分子通过气体形成一些笼子,然后把气体包在笼子之中,就形成了水合物。目前常见的有三中结构,结构一、结构二和结构H。我们说的“可燃冰”就是结构一,甲烷或乙烷形成的水合物,对自然界里的水合物,我们通常把它叫做天然气水合物。

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