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总统无权解职 “通俄门”特别检察官权力几何

2017-05-19 08:08:48   新华网

资料图:罗伯特·米勒

美国司法部副部长罗布·罗森斯坦17日宣布,任命前联邦调查局局长罗伯特·米勒为特别检察官,主持“通俄门”调查。

米勒现年72岁,执掌联邦调查局12年,为人受到民主、共和两党尊重。按照美联社说法,作为特别检察官,米勒拥有广泛权力,没有任期限制,总统无权解职。

【有何职权?】

特别检察官一般由司法部长任命。由于现任司法部长杰夫·塞申斯回避有关“通俄门”的调查,副部长罗森斯坦代其任命米勒。

按照美国司法部规定,除了拥有发起调查、传调记录、提起刑事诉讼等联邦检察官职权外,作为特别检察官,米勒不必“事事汇报”,但在作出“重大行动”前,必须通知其任命人罗森斯坦,后者可对行动表示反对。

司法部将为米勒的团队提供人选,米勒有权选人,也可以任用司法部以外的人。在米勒手下工作期间,团队成员只向他一人汇报。米勒将有60天时间向司法部提交一份行动预算;只要调查不停,每年预算都可更新。

特别检察官完成调查后,须向司法部长递交一份机密报告,解释其提起诉讼

或“弃案”的原因。司法部长须告知国会调查结论,但有权决定是否将其公开。

一些国会民主党人此前呼吁,由一名“局外人”出任独立检察官,对“通俄门”进行独立调查。

【总统不能“炒”】

根据规定,特别检察官只能由司法部长以“个人行为”予以免职。因此,只有罗森斯坦可以将米勒免职。如果要这么做,罗森斯坦必须拿出米勒“能力不足”、“行为不当”或其他正当理由,且需要对后者进行书面通知。

美国历史上担任过类似职务的人中,最知名的莫过于阿奇博尔德·考克斯,他曾负责调查“水门事件”。

1973年10月20日,深陷“水门事件”的理查德·尼克松想要考克斯“走人”,司法部长埃利奥特·理查森和副部长威廉·D·拉克尔肖斯皆拒绝解职考克斯,双双辞职。司法部副总检察长罗伯特·博克成为代理部长,下令解除考克斯的职务。

这一事件被美国媒体称为“星期六之夜大屠杀”。尼克松的做法在美国国内掀起轩然大波,标志着“水门事件”引发的宪政危机走向高潮,最终导致这名共和党籍总统在国会弹劾压力下黯然辞职。(吴宝澍)(新华社专特稿)

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