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我国首次海域可燃冰试采成功 2030年前有望商业开发

2017-05-19 08:08:32   北京晨报

这是在我国南海神狐海域进行天然气水合物试采作业的“蓝鲸一号”钻探平台(5月16日摄)。

昨天,国土资源部中国地质调查局在南海宣布,在南海北部神狐海域进行的可燃冰试采获得成功,这也标志着我国成为全球第一个实现了在海域可燃冰试开采中获得连续稳定产气的国家。

开采 八天产出超12万立方米天然气

可燃冰,学名“天然气水合物”,是一种高效清洁、储量巨大的新能源。它是由天然气和水在高压低温的条件下形成的类冰状的结晶化合物。从外形上看,可燃冰就像是白色或浅灰色的冰雪晶体。如果有火源,它就可以像固体酒精一样被点燃,所以被称为“可燃冰”。

我国南海北部的神狐海域就是正在进行可燃冰试开采的现场,这里距香港约285公里,采气点位于水深1266米海底下200米的海床中。自5月10日正式出气至今,已累计产出超12万立方米甲烷含量高达99.5%的天然气。实现连续超一周的稳定产气,标志着我国进行的首次天然气水合物试采宣告成功。

中国地质调查局副总工程师、天然气水合物试采现场总指挥叶建良介绍说,从5月10日正式出气试点火成功,到目前为止已经连续开采八天,日产超过一万方以上,最高日产达到了3.5万方,这种连续稳定的出气达到了原来预定的目标。

创新 我国开采技术“领跑”世界

因绝大部分埋藏于海底,所以可燃冰开采难度十分大。目前,日本、加拿大等国都在加紧对这种未来能源进行试开采尝试,但都因种种原因未能实现或未达到连续产气的预定目标。此次试开采成功,不仅表明我国天然气水合物勘查和开发的核心技术得到验证,也标志着中国在这一领域的综合实力达到世界顶尖水平。

国土资源部中国地质调查局副局长李金发指出,这一次天然气水合物的试开采成功将会是继美国引领页岩气革命之后,由我国引领的天然气水合物革命,将会推动整个世界能源利用格局的改变。

天然气水合物的试开采一直是一项世界性难题。2013年日本曾尝试进行过海域天然气水合物的试开采工作,虽然成功出气,但六天之后,由于泥沙堵住了钻井通道,试采被迫停止。

为实现这一目标,我国科学家利用降压法,将海底原本稳定的压力降低,从而打破了天然气水合物储层的成藏条件,之后再将分散在类似海绵空隙中一样的可燃冰聚集,利用我国自主研发的一套水、沙、气分离核心技术最终将天然气取出。这种降压方案也是在国际上从理论到技术方法的一个创新。

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