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招男不招女尴尬了谁? 专家吁制定反就业歧视法

2017-08-15 07:17:01   中国经济网

中国政法大学教授刘小楠在接受记者采访时指出,虽然我国保障妇女平等就业机会的立法不断发展,但很多相关法律规定过于分散,立法模式和立法技术尚有不足,原则性规定比较多、可操作性差。

“如果用人单位在雇用期间有歧视行为,也只能以劳动合同纠纷的名义提起劳动仲裁和劳动诉讼,而不能以受到就业歧视为由提起诉讼。所以,尽管我们有那么多的部门法都宣告了很多不能歧视的权利,却没有一条途径能有效地保护和救济公民的权利。”刘小楠直言。

对性别歧视缺乏具体说明、用人单位隐形歧视难以取证、用人单位责任不明确、缺乏实施机制和执行机构……中华女子学院副教授朱晓飞指出,法律内容不完善、规则不细化、可操作性不强,是导致女性就业歧视的重要原因。

正因如此,将于9月1日起施行的《河北省妇女权益保障条例》,备受关注。

针对女性就业性别歧视问题,条例明确规定,对在员工招聘和录用过程中存在歧视女性问题的单位,所在地的妇女联合会可以约谈其主要负责人,并督促指导用人单位在约定期限内纠正歧视女性的制度和行为;必要时,妇女联合会可以邀请劳动保障行政部门、媒体等相关组织参与约谈,并下达整改意见书。对用人单位存在歧视女性问题拒不改正的,可视情况将其纳入不良记录名单。

对此,刘小楠认为,河北省在地方立法中强化对女性平等就业权的保障、通过立法明确妇联约谈职能的做法值得肯定。下一步,需要对施行效果进行评估,如果可行,建议进一步推广。

建立专门反就业歧视机构

值得注意的是,《河北省妇女权益保障条例》明确,对被约谈的用人单位,在约定期限内拒不改正的,妇女联合会可以通过媒体公布,并报送劳动保障行政部门依法查处或者向所在地人民法院提起诉讼。

但在侯欣一看来,这一规定落实的难度很大。

“虽然女性在遭遇就业歧视后可以向妇联投诉,但是,妇联并不是一个有权处理纠纷的机构,也不是政府部门,很难改变用人单位的态度。而且,对于求职者而言,并没有太多的精力与财力去法院提起诉讼。”侯欣一说。

专家认为,解决就业歧视问题的根本途径仍在立法,应制定一部专门的反就业歧视法。

刘小楠认为,立法要坚持问题导向,界定就业歧视的概念和适用范围,扩大公平就业的保障范围,明确反就业歧视和促进性别平等的措施。

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