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外媒:禁售燃油车,即便不确定也“不得不为”

2017-09-15 13:46:51   新华网

有乐观的技术预测。比如WWF有在2050年实现全球100%用可再生能源的宏伟愿景,其集合全球专家,2011年发布《能源报告:2050年实现100%可再生能源》,预测在2050年实现全球100%可再生能源完全可能,

也有相对保守的估计,BP公司的《BP2035世界能源展望》报告预测,到2035年,世界能源消费总量将比当前水平增长37%,其中,96%的增长来自于非经合组织国家,且超过一半来自于印度和中国。而到2035年,中国的能源结构,煤炭的主导地位将从当前的68%降至51%,天然气的比重将翻倍至12%,石油的比重仍将保持18%不变。全球来看,到2035年,可再生能源(包含生物燃料)在能源整体消费量的占比将从今天的3%上升到8%。中国将超过美国成为最大的核能生产国,其占世界核能生产总量的比重将从当前的4%上升到2035年的30%。

显然,BP公司的预测要悲观得多,当然,BP公司作为石油公司,有其立场,但WWF作为世界最大的独立性非政府环境保护组织之一,其立场也很明显。必须指出的是,WWF的预测,在2035年这个时间点上,与BP的预测并未出现较大的差异,在WWF的预测中,在2035年之后,非水可再生能源发电的份额才急剧上升。

这一定程度上是因为2035年离现在只有18年,技术发展趋势相对明晰,预测的主观性成分较小,而再此之后,时间更远,技术发展有更大的不确定性,从这个角度可以说,WWF对2035到20150的能源份额预测有更大的主观因素。

技术预测未必靠谱,政府、机构等非企业组织的技术预测则更是如此。上世纪80年代初,日本为了在计算机领域上赶超美国,曾制定了一项雄心勃勃的第五代计算机研发计划,但十年耗资4亿多美元后,由于未能实现预想的目标,在1992年宣布终止计划。而与此同时,基于市场的美国个人电脑的兴起引领世界进入了IT时代。

二战以后,全球各大国家均出现了大政府倾向,这既是国家内在自我扩张倾向的结果,也是其日益增加的经济职能的必然。随着技术的发展,研发投入越来越大,更多的政府资金进入,也使得政府在技术发展过程中扮演越来越重要的角色。而在民选政府中,政府对技术发展的预测及其价值判断,也越来越受到民主机制的影响,选民对自然与发展的浪漫化认识,也不可避免的进入到政府的技术发展预测中。

欧美光伏行业也正是在全球性的凯恩斯主义大政府的补贴下成长起来的,可以看作各国企图战胜自我、战胜市场的弯道超车,但就目前情况来看,光伏技术尚未具有颠覆性优势。

不过,即便如此,中国的禁售时间表也是不得不为,情愿而为。

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