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科学家首次观测到“海平面指纹” 可预测冰川融化发生的变化

2017-09-11 11:13:40   央广网

央广网北京9月11日消息(记者车丽)据中国之声《央广新闻》报道,据新华社消息,美国科学家日前报告说,他们利用卫星数据首次观测到了“海平面指纹”,也就是冰盖融化导致全球海平面格局的变化。这将帮助人们预测不同区域海平面的变化趋势,更好地应对气候变化。

海平面并非各处高度一致,构成独特的海面“地形”。冰盖融化会改变海面地形,导致各处海平面的升降程度不同,形成海平面指纹。有关海平面指纹的理论研究已经相当深入,但这是科学家首次发现海平面指纹的直接证据。

加利福尼亚大学欧文分校和美国航天局喷气推进实验室合作,利用后者的两颗卫星从2002年4月到2014年10月收集到的重力数据,计算出了海平面指纹,并用海底压力观测数据进行了验证。

研究人员在新一期美国《地球物理通讯》杂志上报告说,他们计算了从陆地和大气进入海洋的淡水质量,并绘制出这些淡水在时间和空间上的分布模式。在这段时间里,全球海平面平均每年上升1.8毫米,中低纬度海域上升幅度较大,两极部分海域在短暂上升之后转为下降。海洋里增加的淡水质量约有43%来自格陵兰岛冰盖,16%来自南极,30%来自山脉冰川。

冰盖本身具有巨大质量,会对下方的地壳形成压力,其引力则会使周围海水向冰盖聚拢。冰盖融化后,压力和引力都消失,导致地球局部重力分布发生改变,还会使地球自转轴偏转。这些因素加在一起会使海面地形发生很大变化,不同冰盖带来的影响也不同。

研究人员说,根据这项研究,他们可以预测全球海洋中任意地点海平面高度因冰川融化而发生的变化。

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