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农业部:转基因研发单位数量不详 难于监管

2016-09-08 05:36:40   京华时报

“有的单位开展小型的田间试验不报告,开展环境试验不申请,私自开展试验,这样带来很大风险。还有个别的研发单位,私自从国外带入材料在国内开展试验,这是不允许的。也正是由于这些不法活动,造成了转基因玉米个别的非法的扩散。”林祥明说,监管最大的难度在于底数不清。“农业部除掌握国家的项目研发情况,对一些自发开展的转基因研究,有多少家、是谁在做,目前底数还不清楚。目前中国从事转基因研究的研发单位有几百家,还不包括“地下工作者”,比如从国外偷运过来进行试验的,可能得有几百家。

温室内作物实现全年培育

前天,媒体记者团走进位于吉林省的国家转基因玉米、大豆中试与产业化基地(公主岭),一路从培育温室到田间地头对转基因玉米试验种植环境一探究竟。

走进5000平方米的培育温室内,一股暖流迎面而来,室温比清晨长春的室外温度略高,体感较为舒适。为保证恒温效应,温室内供暖每年需燃煤1200吨,为此建立了专门的锅炉,运行成本很高。

该温室是在2002年建成基础上于2009年完善改造的,是东三省目前唯一能实现玉米、大豆等作物冬季开花结实的温室。即使冬季气温零下二三十摄氏度,室内也有20摄氏度以上,大大提升了研发保障条件。这使东北地区单季种植拓展至四季种植,促进了研发进程。东北地区无霜期短,每年只有夏季有限的时间可以满足作物生长,而现在的温室体系,全年都可以保障提供玉米幼培开展转基因研发,实现转基因作物全天候培育。

“事实上,温室降温比升温更难,在三伏天中午温室内温度达60-70摄氏度,通过改造后的地下水降温系统,可使室温保持在30摄氏度左右。”吉林省农业科学院农业生物技术研究所所长郝东云说。

按照转基因安全管理法规要求,温室内还设置了焚烧炉,温室内产生的所有的种子材料在室内焚烧掉。

种植规则严于欧盟和美国

在阳光玻璃房内的盆栽区,技术人员正在护理不同发育时期的转基因玉米幼苗和植株。技术人员介绍,用于移栽转基因玉米幼苗的栽培土是由采自欧洲深山经年沉积土加工而成。记者用手掂了一下,深棕色的土壤比普通的东北黑土更轻。郝东云说,转基因玉米培育很难,绝大多数玉米品种都转不进基因,只有个别几个特殊玉米品种才可以成功接收外源基因,温室转基因玉米幼苗的移栽成活率及其植物保护管理是非常重要的,因此每一个步骤都要非常严谨。

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