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一日连出两文 农业供给侧改革政策支持提速

2016-12-20 10:39:38   

原标题:农业供给侧改革政策支持提速

刚刚结束的中央经济工作会议将深入推进农业供给侧结构性改革列为明年的四大重点工作之一,相关的政策布局也已开始提速。19日,《关于推进农业领域政府和社会资本合作的指导意见》(以下简称《意见》)和《建立以绿色生态为导向的农业补贴制度改革方案》(以下简称《方案》)等两份重点文件出台,分别就推进农业领域政府和社会资本合作(PPP),以及建立以绿色生态为导向的农业补贴制度提出了相应的政策措施。专家表示,2017年是农业供给侧改革年,农产品种植结构、收储制度、土地轮休、土地制度等相关改革有望推进。

《意见》是农业领域的首个PPP指导文件,明确提出了农业领域PPP的重点领域与路径,将重点支持社会资本开展高标准农田、种子工程、现代渔港、农产品质量安全检测及追溯体系、动植物保护等农业基础设施建设和公共服务;引导社会资本参与农业废弃物资源化利用、农业面源污染治理、规模化大型沼气、农业资源环境保护与可持续发展等项目;鼓励社会资本参与现代农业示范区、农业物联网与信息化、农产品批发市场、旅游休闲农业发展。

《方案》则强调,建立以绿色生态为导向的农业补贴制度要从制约农业可持续发展的重点领域、关键环节入手,加快改革完善相关政策。全面推开农资综合补贴、种粮农民直接补贴和农作物良种补贴等农业“三项补贴”改革,鼓励各地创新补贴方式方法,切实加强农业生态资源保护,自觉提升耕地地力。

鼓励发展多种形式的农业适度规模经营。支持建立健全全国农业信贷担保体系。稳步推进国内渔业油价补贴政策改革。

多位业内人士表示,两份文件都是紧紧围绕农业供给侧结构性改革展开的。发展PPP是深化农业投融资体制改革的一个重要内容,可以从多渠道增加农业投入,对推动农业供给侧结构性改革,促进农业持续健康发展具有重要意义。而建立以绿色生态为导向的农业补贴制度要结合农业供给侧结构性改革,注重发挥市场形成价格作用,充分利用国内国际两个市场和两种资源,调动农民和社会各方面积极性,提高补贴资金使用效率。根据中央的部署,明年还会有更多相关改革深入推进。

方正证券首席经济学家任泽平表示,2017年农产品种植结构、收储制度、土地轮休、土地制度等改革有望推进,土地流转和规模化经营将提升农业生产效率。

当前的农业结构性问题是粮食供求结构失衡,产量、进口、库存“三量齐增”。中央财经领导小组办公室副主任杨伟民表示,农业的供给侧结构性改革是十分迫切的。要积极稳妥地改革粮食等重要农产品价格形成机制和收储制度,加大玉米收储制度改革,做好政策性粮食库存的消化工作。要通过细化和落实承包土地“三权分置”办法等等,培育新型农业经营主体和服务主体。在产权制度方面明确农村产权归属,赋予农民更充分的财产权利。

广发证券首席宏观分析师郭磊表示,农业供给侧改革依旧可以从去库存、降成本、补短板三个角度去理解。去库存的重点是收储制度改革和粮食价格的市场化。以玉米为例,目前我国收储制度下玉米储备量极高,价格亦与国际市场脱轨,目前已经采取了“市场定价、价补分离”的原则进行了试点改革,预计未来将进一步推进。降成本的重点就是规模化经营,土地流转、“三权分置”的主方向已经确定,但近年进展并不快,2017年是农业供给侧改革年,相关领域的突破值得关注。补短板的重点是农业基础设施建设,此外禽畜养殖的污染治理也一直被认为是短板,生猪养殖的环保约束强化是后期一个值得关注的点,它或将拉开生猪行业“去产能”的大幕。

(责编:孙博洋、杨曦)

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