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当年孙中山身边人才众多 为何蒋介石能脱颖而出?

2016-12-06 15:02:53   

广州日报记者:孙中山身边当年有许多人,为什么蒋介石脱颖而出?

杨天石:这主要是孙中山对蒋介石的信任,孙中山身边当年有许多战友和助手,比如胡汉民、汪精卫、廖仲恺和朱执信。这四个人都是孙中山非常信任的人,为什么最后蒋介石会成为孙中山的接班人呢?其中有必然因素也有偶然因素。

就偶然因素看,他的两个重要助手,比如廖仲恺和朱执信,按照我们的眼光来说可能是最好的接班人,因为他们都是左派,但是这两个人都很早去世。胡汉民在早年得到孙中山的充分信任,但是后来在联俄的问题上和孙中山产生分歧,因此,孙中山在后期并不很信任他。汪精卫当时也是左派,在很长的时期内,他在国民党中的地位和声望都比蒋介石高,但是,汪是文人,对于军队没有什么影响,其次,他没有毅力,遇到挫折和打击就跑掉了;第三,汪精卫在政治上左右摇摆,更多的是个政客,身体也不好。

蒋介石能脱颖而出有三大原因

广州日报记者:那蒋介石的脱颖而出有哪些必然因素呢?

杨天石:他在日本留学学习军事,是日本留学生。军人出身,手上有武装,这是他的重要资本,此外,他是孙中山周围少数的具有现代军事知识、受过现代军事训练的人。

此外,蒋介石对孙中山很忠诚,他很崇拜孙中山。比如,1912年,蒋介石刺杀了当时浙江光复会的领袖陶承章,辛亥革命前,陶就与孙中山不和,革命后,两个人继续对立。当时,陶知道形势不对,就躲进了上海的一家医院,晚上,蒋介石和另外一人爬进医院刺杀了陶。多年以后,在蒋介石的日记中写道:我杀了陶,并未与孙先生谈过,孙先生也未与我谈过,但是我相信,孙先生重用我与此有关。陶是个个性有严重缺点的革命者,蒋介石刺杀他,给孙中山除去了一个心头大患,孙中山当然不会命人去除掉陶,但是蒋介石的做法会让孙感到他的忠诚。

第三个原因是,蒋介石有江浙金融资产阶级的支持,他们出钱、借钱、帮蒋发行公债、国库券。蒋介石有军队、资金,再加上领袖的信任,这是别人没法比的。

广州日报记者:说蒋介石的性格不合群,有些什么旧事?

杨天石:他的人际关系一开始并不好,上世纪20年代,孙中山把蒋介石派到陈炯明的部队中去,但是蒋介石一到福建就三天两头向外跑,刚去了没几天就甩手不干了,他总是认为周围的人都妒忌他,排挤他。但是,后来,蒋介石在军阀角斗中也学会了一些官场手段,一是拜把兄弟,比如,他和李宗仁、冯玉祥都是把兄弟。

另外,就是用金钱收买,上世纪30年代,各地反蒋势力在北平成立了一个国民政府,与蒋的南京政府相对抗,后来,这个政府很快垮台,原因就是蒋介石给了张学良300万大洋,让张抄了这些人的后路。

后来的中原大战,蒋的胜利就是收买了对方部队的重要将领才取得的。当时,蒋介石曾向宋子文要钱,宋告诉他没钱,宋美龄急了,就去找宋子文,说前方紧急,你不拿钱介石就要打败仗,打了败仗,介石就要自杀。她把自己的房契、珠宝、存折等都给了宋子文,让他拿去给蒋介石筹钱。宋子文后来也被感动了,给蒋介石送去了军饷。

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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