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经过毛泽东这样造势,本来就惊慌失措的溃军以为,长沙城里果然壁垒森严,不敢冒进。就在这时,毛泽东又采取了进一步措施,他让湖南第一师范的两个同学用桂林话高喊:“傅良佐早跑了,南军(桂军)已经进城了,你们赶快投降吧!”随后,毛泽东又派人去和溃军交涉,把北洋军阀这3000多溃军带到湖南第一师范的前坪上,他们竟然全部缴械投降了。第二天,毛泽东又与湖南商会协商,决定由商会出钱,对这一些溃军进行了遣散,至此,长沙城避免了一场劫难。
这是毛泽东第一次在两军交锋的战场上担任指挥员,而且不损一兵一卒就打了胜仗。全校师生高度赞扬毛泽东的军事谋略,他的同班同学邹蕴真问他:“万一当时败军开枪还击,岂不十分危险了?”毛泽东解释说:“败军若有意劫城,当夜就会发起攻击;他们没有攻城,必是疲惫胆虚,不敢经过长沙北归,只得在此困守,所以我知道对他们一呼,他们必从,当时的情势使之然也。”可见,毛泽东的军事谋划是建立在对北洋军阀溃军心理正确分析和判断基础上的,长沙城里的民众得益于他超人的智慧。
二
从实践中学习
初掌帅印即见成效
1927年10月下旬,毛泽东率领秋收起义部队余部上了井冈山。那里位于罗霄山脉中段,山高林密,地势险要。初到井冈山,工农革命军只有数百人,毛泽东率领部队先打了一个小胜仗,接着就打了两个大败仗,部队最少时仅剩下几十个人。
毛泽东处处留意同敌人打仗的方法。经过深入群众和艰苦的战场考察,他了解到从前井冈山有个“山大王”叫朱孔阳,小名叫朱聋子,他在井冈山当了几十年“山大王”,官府一直捉不住他,不是因为他有特别的能耐,而在于他对付官兵有一套办法,他利用井冈山的险要地形,跟官府的军队满山打转,使得官军对他们毫无办法。朱孔阳认为,在井冈山不需要会打仗,只要会打圈就行,打得赢就打,打不赢就跑,跑不赢就钻,钻不赢就化(化装成老百姓)。
这件事给了毛泽东很大的启发,再看看现实,井冈山上的工农革命军非常弱小,除了原武汉警卫团的人马还有点战斗力外,其他的部分就很难说了。谭震林说,敌人上来两个团,我们就打不赢,我们的活动只能限制在井冈山的周围打转,我们当然也打了茶陵,打了遂川,也占领过宁冈,就是不敢走得更远。可见,在工农革命军如此弱小的情况下,如何对付敌人就成了毛泽东领导的红军面临的最为紧迫的问题,毛泽东从朱聋子的做法中、从残酷的现实战争实践中,总结出了对敌人的战法。
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