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南京当局还加快了从德国进口武器的步伐。1936年德国对华出口军火为640.5万马克,占德国出口军火总额的28.8%,中国成为德国军火的最大买主。根据德国外交部的一份文件,至1936年10月,德国已向中方交付价值1000万马克的军火,其中包括2300万发炮弹、6000万发反坦克炮弹、1800万发高射炮弹,以及探照灯、钢盔等;另外,已订货且将于1937年交付的军火中,有150毫米海岸防卫炮4门、88毫米海岸防卫炮4门、240门水雷、1艘布雷艇、60门野战榴弹炮,以及高射炮牵引车;1938年交付的有榴弹炮、炮艇、鱼雷快艇、高射炮等。1937年抗日战争爆发时,国民党当局已有一支8万多人全部德式装备的部队,在淞沪战场上曾作为主力使用。
1935年在德国顾问参与下,时任行政院秘书长的翁文灏主持制订了重工业发展的三年计划,该计划确定了中德合作进行的10大工业项目,有钨铁厂、钢铁厂、炼铜厂、炼油厂、中央机器厂(包括电机厂、工具机厂)、中央电工厂(包括电线厂、电话厂、电子管厂)等,德国方面除供应设备外,还负责工厂的设计、主要厂房的建筑和设备安装。
陶德曼调停无果,中德断交宣战
1937年7月7日,卢沟桥事变爆发,日本发动了全面侵华战争。德国虽和日本结盟,但又不愿日本取代德国在华利益,也不愿日本在中日战争中受损,从而失去或削弱在远东对苏联的牵制作用,因此不希望日本扩大侵华战争。10月下旬,德国外长里宾特洛甫电告驻华大使陶德曼和驻日大使狄克逊,德国愿意调停中日战争,由此揭开了陶德曼调停的序幕。
在陶德曼调停期间,日本先后三次提出所谓的和平条件如内蒙自治、华北特殊化、上海交由国际共管等,对此,德国政府不仅没有表示任何异议,反而力劝中国接受。在南京的胜利又促使日本更进一步提出令中国无法接受的条件,如中国放弃溶共和反抗日满的政策,对日满两国的防共政策予以协助,中国向日本作必要的赔偿等。
但没等陶德曼和蒋介石的进一步商谈得出任何实质性的结果,日本方面便于1938年1月16日发表了一份官方声明,称谈判已经结束。东京方面对德国“提供的斡旋”表示感谢,并且撤销对国民政府的承认。对于日本的挑衅,18日国民政府发表声明:“中国政府于任何情形之下,必竭全力以维持中国领土主权与行政之完整,任何恢复和平方法,如不以此原则为基础,决非中国所能忍受。”同时,中日两国互相召回驻对方大使。陶德曼调停中日战争的努力实际上已告失败。
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