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这里的骨灰堂,由原来护国寺的殿堂改造而成,也是按照级别分为不同层次的骨灰室。比如中央领导,部队兵团级或军级以上领导,地方省部级以上领导的骨灰可以安放在一室。但是一室又分为了正面和侧面。正面安放的基本都是中央级别领导的骨灰,侧面安放的则是其他级别领导的骨灰。
从革命公墓向国家公墓转型
根据周恩来总理的指示,八宝山公墓陵园是专门安葬革命中牺牲的战友与同志们的,因而这里又被称作革命公墓陵园。随后,该公墓陵园开始主要用于安葬已故党和国家领导人、民主党派领导人、爱国民主人士、著名科学家、艺术家、文学家、著名学者、国际友人和革命烈士等等。因而八宝山公墓陵园一开始就带有了浓厚的政治色彩与耀眼的政治光环。
从起初公墓陵园的建立开始,八宝山自然而然的形成了一种按照不同等级所排列的墓地与骨灰堂格局。尤其是到了“文革”时期,这种按资排辈的情况更为严重,直至周恩来去世要求不留骨灰后,这一情况才有所缓和。但在“文革”结束后,伴随着众多蒙受不白之冤去世的党和国家高级干部、有威望的名人艺术家、科学家和学者等陆续得到平反,政治地位与名誉重新得到认可,入葬八宝山这一政治生命最后的荣誉象征,再度成为一些干部追逐政治资历的目标。
邓小平曾对此有过论述,“很多人想挤进八宝山,高高在上,却无形中与群众拉开了差距”。在此种状况之下,即使中央屡次提高入葬八宝山的门槛级别,但因其不言而喻的政治意义与象征性地位,使得其仍旧受到热度极高的追捧,造成了墓地陵园多次扩建,仍然满足不了需求的局面。如此一来,墓地价格飞涨,所能供给到个人头上的面积越来越小,而价格却越来越高。从2000年不到3平方米的十几万,到2005年几平方尺的20多万报价,再到2014年几平方尺的30多万。即使骨灰堂中在骨灰墙存放的价格也是水涨船高,到2005年前后,每20年的租位价格需要约3000元,到2013年左右,价格就涨成了每20年1万元。即便如此昂贵,八宝山每年仍会接收到大约1000份骨灰存入申请。
到了2005年,北京市重新对八宝山革命公墓陵园进行规划,计划将其建为首座国家公墓陵园。这一计划不仅仅是简单的名称变化,实际上体现着的还是政治色彩的逐渐消退与神秘色彩趋于淡化,改变的核心就是去等级化,就是由以往的按资排辈到只要是为国家的荣誉做出贡献的,都有资格入葬八宝山。由革命者的栖息之地变为民族精神与国家荣誉的象征之地。
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