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战史12月19日:土伦之役胜利 拿破仑破格晋升将军

2016-12-20 14:10:42   

18世纪末法国的资产阶级革命的胜利,引起欧洲各国反动势力的仇视。1893年夏,以英国为首的欧洲反法联军从四面八方把法国包围起来了。普鲁士、西班牙、萨丁王国、英国都在法国边界点燃了战火,占领了一些地方;国内的反动势力也里应外合,猖狂活动。革命处于危急中,刚夺取政权的雅各宾派,面对这种严重局势,毫不退缩,表现出革命的坚定性和毅力。他们毅然决然地采取一系列革命措施,鼓舞了人民的革命精神,加强了军队的战斗力,接连击败普、西占领军。但是,英军占领的土伦却久攻不下,成了革命的重大威胁。

派谁去攻克土伦呢?革命共和国的领导忽然想到拿破仑这个人。他是个有民主思想的军官,年纪轻,很勇敢,会动脑子。当时,很多贵族和军官竭力反对革命或逃亡国外,他却继续服役,并宣誓:“只接受符合国民议会法令的命令”,积极拥护新生的法兰西共和国。拿破仑接到命令后,他知道土伦是法国南方的要塞,城防坚固,非强攻不可。于是他日以继夜地监制大炮,训练炮兵,建起一支强大的炮兵部队。

法国资产阶级革命形势图

一幅英国画:“无奈裤汉”们劳累一天后在休息

1793年12月16日,总攻开始。起初并不顺利,当炮兵刚进入阵地,不少炮手被英军的射击手打伤或打死,进攻受挫。拿破仑一看这情景,大声疾呼:“我们的炮兵,个个都是无畏的勇士,前进!”他带头冲上前去。在他的鼓舞下,法军个个奋勇向前,勇猛异常,终于在12月19日,击溃了王党军队和英国、西班牙的联军,攻占了土伦,解除了共和国的威胁。

土伦之役的胜利,使拿破仑的军事才干初露头角。共和国为了表彰拿破仑的功绩,破格地把这个年仅24岁的少校提升为将军。

法国农民正在劳动

停泊在土伦港的英国战舰

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