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念斌能二次申请国家赔偿吗

2017-06-16 13:47:49   新京报

一种说法

念斌宣告无罪,不是冤案平反的终结。随之而来的国家赔偿,是公权力对公民权益受损的依法补救,也是洗冤昭雪的关键环节。

平反近3年的念斌案,如今再起波澜。2014年8月,福建高院终审宣告念斌无罪,让他始料不及的是,此后的国家赔偿之路走得并不顺心。

新京报漫画/许英剑

今年1月,最高法赔偿委员会作出决定,维持福州中院对念斌的119万国家赔偿。2月17日,按照最高法决定书的建议,念斌以福州市公安局、平潭县公安局为赔偿义务机关,向福建省高院申请作出国家赔偿决定。在5月26日的出庭质证中,福州市公安局请来的专家辅助人提出质疑,认为念斌不存在八级伤残,不宜进行伤病关系评定。对此,念斌及家人表示无法接受。

宣告无罪近三年,“念斌案”的赔偿为何一波三折?冤案当事人能二次申请国家赔偿吗?

念斌之所以提出二次申请国家赔偿,主要原因还是之前的诉求并未满足。2014年底,念斌向福州中院提出国家赔偿申请,要求赔偿“侵犯人身自由赔偿金、医疗费、精神损失费及其他物质损失等共计人民币1500余万元”,同时要求法院在媒体上公开向其赔礼道歉、消除影响。

但现实并不尽如人意。2015年2月15日,福州中院对念斌案作出国家赔偿119万元的决定,但未支持念斌“赔偿医疗费、误工费、后续治疗费100万元,八年申冤费支出100万元,房屋被砸毁损失费50万元,家人在外租房支出36.96万元,姐姐念建兰误工费及儿子心理治疗费”的赔偿请求。

根据《国家赔偿法》第30条规定,“赔偿请求人或者赔偿义务机关对赔偿委员会作出的决定,认为确有错误的,可以向上一级人民法院赔偿委员会提出申诉。”念斌的国家赔偿申诉到了最高审判机关,尽管还可以通过最高检的途径,向最高法赔偿委员会提出意见,重新审查并依法作出决定,但前提必须是“发现违反本法规定”。

从各级法院的审查过程看,很难说有违反程序的瑕疵,也基本就决定了这一次申请国家赔偿已经“到头”。

不过,法律上并未禁止二次申请国家赔偿,如果当事人申请赔偿的对象、内容发生变化,仍然可以提起国家赔偿。

根据《国家赔偿法》规定,“再审改判无罪的,作出原生效判决的人民法院为赔偿义务机关。二审改判无罪,以及二审发回重审后作无罪处理的,作出一审有罪判决的人民法院为赔偿义务机关。”作出一审死刑判决的福州中院,无疑是适格的赔偿义务机关。

但是,念斌之前的国家赔偿,只是解决了侵犯公民人身自由的赔偿问题,而未涉及损害公民生命健康的赔偿问题。《国家赔偿法》还规定,“行使侦查、检察、审判职权的机关以及看守所、监狱管理机关及其工作人员在行使职权时有刑讯逼供或殴打、虐待等情形,侵犯人身权的,受害人有取得赔偿的权利。”

所以,念斌以生命健康权受侵犯,再次申请国家赔偿,是法律赋予公民的权利。

念斌宣告无罪,不是冤案平反的终结。随之而来的国家赔偿,是公权力对公民权益受损的依法补救,也是洗冤昭雪的关键环节,更应秉持法治精神、恪守法定程序、坚持以人为本,如此才能还公民以迟到的正义,才能还原法治的本色。

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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