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养老金入市将开启价值投资开关

2017-09-28 07:27:51   

主持人杜雨萌:当前,我国人口老龄化态势明显,老年人口比重已经高于世界平均水平。为应对人口老龄化,金融的媒介融通作用显得至关重要,养老金融这一领域也由此而产生。

业内人士指出,为了实现养老金在资本市场中的收益并同时控制波动,要更加多元化、精细化的资产配置和投资管理

■记者 孙 华

“人口老龄化是我国将要长期面临的严峻挑战。应对老龄化离不开金融的媒介融通作用,由此诞生了养老金融这一领域。”日前发布的《中国养老金融发展报告(2017)》(以下简称《报告》)指出。

据了解,养老金体系主要包括第一支柱公共养老金、第二支柱职业养老金和第三支柱个人养老金。从我国实践来看,第一支柱基本养老保险一支独大,第二支柱的企(职)年金发展缓慢,第三支柱个人养老金尚未建立,国家养老资产储备严重不足,养老金制度发展不均衡,远期面临巨大可持续压力。因此,加快建立我国第三支柱个人养老金账户制度已迫在眉睫。

虽然与发达国家相比,我国养老金融发展相对滞后。但近年来,在国家诸多政策连续推动下,银行、基金、保险、信托等行业纷纷进行了积极探索,养老服务金融、养老产业金融等都得到了初步发展。总体而言,我国养老金融一体三翼的格局初步形成。但是我国老龄化速度远远快于其他国家,将很快步入重度老龄化乃至超老龄化阶段。在此背景下,必须全方位重视养老金融的各个方面,加快推动养老金融事业发展壮大,为我国应对老龄化挑战做好金融准备。

数据显示,截至2016年年末,我国进入资本市场的养老基金有全国社会保障基金和企业年金基金,从2016年一年的收益来看,养老金投资收益率出现了较大降幅。其中,企业年金全市场平均收益率为3.03%,创下了近5年来企业年金投资收益率的新低;而全国社保基金2016年的投资收益率则仅为1.7%,是2001年以来年度收益率的第三低。但总体来看,社保基金自成立以来的年均投资收益率达8.37%,累计投资收益额8227.31亿元。

报告指出,截至2017年3月底,地方政府已经委托全国社保基金理事会进行运作的资金为1370亿元,占2016年底基本养老金结余3.86万亿元的3.5%。其余省份基本养老基金尚未开始委托运作。总的来看,基本养老金投资运营进展较为缓慢,地方委托投资的动力不强。主要原因有以下几个:一是养老保险金是老百姓的保命钱,地方政府对收益率存在担忧;二是由于目前不少地方统筹层次没有达到省级统筹,资金归集困难;三是在经济下行、财政增收困难的背景下,地方政府更倾向于将养老保险金留存当地以促进当地经济发展。

“目前我国养老金入市规模太小,尚不足以改变股市生态。同时,在A股市场需要不断完善的情况下,养老金投资的安全性值得重视。”武汉科技大学金融证券研究所所长董登新昨日在接受《证券日报》记者采访时表示。

业内人士指出,随着养老金资产规模持续扩大,在资本市场占比逐步提高时,想获取超额收益的难度加大,为了实现收益并同时控制波动,这就要求更加多元化、精细化的资产配置和投资管理,对受托人和投管人的能力提出了新挑战。

市场人士普遍认为,随着越来越多的养老金入市,将开启价值投资的开关,牵引追求长期收益性的投资理念。

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