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2017年《养老金融蓝皮书》:“以房养老”潜在市场预计超2000亿

2017-09-23 17:51:52   央广网

人民网北京9月23日电 (记者李海霞)人口老龄化是我国将要长期面临的严峻挑战。虽然与发达国家相比,我国养老金融发展相对滞后。9月23日,由中国养老金融50人论坛及社会科学文献出版社共同发布了《养老金融蓝皮书:中国养老金融发展报告(2017)》(简称“《养老金融蓝皮书》”)。

遗产税如推出或成“以房养老”重要推手

《养老金融蓝皮书》指出,“以房养老”在发达国家流行的重要原因在于其高额的遗产税。在美国,联邦遗产税采取超额累进制,如果子女要继承包括房产在内的遗产,从遗产总值中扣除债务、丧葬等豁免额之后,必须缴纳18%~50%不等的遗产税。而如果老年人参加“以房养老”,所得的现金可以享受免税待遇。

我国也早在2004年发布了《中华人民共和国遗产税暂行条例(草案)》,但因种种原因限制,遗产税迟迟没有推出。尽管面临诸多的争议,我国开征遗产税在相关部门和地区的探索却一直没停止。如果遗产税开始破冰,而“以房养老”产品一般都会享受免税的待遇,可以成为合理避税的有效工具。在此基础上,可以预见,遗产税或将成为“以房养老”快速发展的重要推手。

“以房养老”未来预计超过2000亿

《养老金融蓝皮书》指出,无论从“以房养老”产品本身的定位设计还是从国际国内“以房养老”的实践探索来看,“以房养老”仅仅是一个小众产品,其适用对象通常是拥有独立房产的失独老人、空巢老人等具有“以房养老”需求的老年客户。在合格的潜在人群中,“以房养老”业务发展最为成熟的美国也大约只有 3%左右的参与率,英国大约为0.2%的参与率。

报告预计,尽管“以房养老”业务小众,但其潜在的需求不容小觑,尤其是目前我国面临这严峻的4-2-1家庭结构,房产价值的固化和养老照护需求困境之间存在矛盾,“以房养老”是化解这一矛盾的有效手段之一。同其他国家相比,我国的住房拥有率为87%,大大高于美国的65.4%,英国的70%,日本的60%,这就为“以房养老”的推行提供了基础条件。

截止2016年底,我国60岁以上老年人口已达到2.31亿,城乡老年人口的比重约为44:56,据此可推算出我国目前城镇老年人数量约为1.02亿人,目前我国城镇人均住房面积为33平方米以上,城镇老年人住房拥有率为75.7%,城镇老年人住房拥有面积约为33.66亿平方米,根据统计局最新数据显示,2015年我国住宅商品房均价为6473元/平方米,据此可推算出我国城市老年人自有住房价值接近22万亿元,假设我国将有1%的老年群体有意愿参与“以房养老”中来,其市场规模也可达到2200亿元。而随着人口老龄化的进一步加深和传统养老观念的逐步转变,“以房养老”的市场发展空间可能进一步加大。

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