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2017年《养老金融蓝皮书》:养老金投资收益率创5年新低

2017-09-23 17:51:53   央广网

人民网北京9月23日电 (记者 李海霞)人口老龄化是我国将要长期面临的严峻挑战。虽然与发达国家相比,我国养老金融发展相对滞后。9月23日,由中国养老金融50人论坛及社会科学文献出版社共同发布了《养老金融蓝皮书:中国养老金融发展报告(2017)》(简称“《养老金融蓝皮书》”)。

《养老金融蓝皮书》指出,在宏观经济下行及“金融去杠杆”的政策环境影响下,2016年我国权益类和固定收益类市场双双走低。受此影响,2016年我国养老金投资收益率出现了较大降幅。

其中,企业年金全市场平均收益率为3.03%,创下了近5年来企业年金投资收益率的新低;而全国社保基金2016年的投资收益率则仅为1.7%,是2001年以来年度收益率的第三低。

新常态下资产管理难度加大

报告指出,养老金是典型的长期资金,在较长时间内收支和规模变动相对明确,不可预期的提取需求相对较少,资金规模稳定且具有较强的长期属性,在短期内风险忍耐程度更高。

从我国实践来看,多种因素导致养老金尚不能完全发挥长期资金优势。一是整体投资风格偏向保守,企业年金、基本养老金和社保基金权益类资产投资比例远远未达到30%-40%政策上限。二是养老金考核期限偏短,社保基金一般为3-5年,企业年金普遍采取年度考核,也导致投管人只能着眼于短期业绩。三是企业年金和基本养老金尚不能进行海外投资,不利于分散风险和提高收益。

近几年来,随着经济增长减缓和各种风险敞口增加,养老金投资收益率下降明显。可以预计,未来养老金资产管理难度还将持续加大。

报告认为,究其原因,一是随着养老金投资范围纳入一级市场和另类产品,未来还可能投资境外资产,对于投资管理人的资产配置能力、风险管理能力提出更高要求。二是随着经济逐步下行,无风险利率下行,养老金投资收益率也出现不断走低的趋势,在此情况下为了实现养老金资产保值增值,权益类资产比例将被动增加,年金投资风险和波动都将进一步放大。三是随着养老金资产规模持续扩大,在资本市场占比逐步提高时,想获取超额收益的难度加大,为了实现收益同时控制波动,这就要求更加多元化、精细化的资产配置和投资管理,对受托人和投管人的能力提出了新挑战。

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