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养老金投资收益率大幅下降 业界呼吁增配权益类资产

2017-09-25 07:21:53   中国经济网

“我国亟待探索养老金第三支柱的中国路径,同时应加大政策支持力度,培育和扩大养老服务金融市场。”9月23日,中国养老金融50人论坛秘书长、中国人民大学教授董克用在北京表示。

当日,《证券日报》记者在现场了解到,中国养老金融50人论坛对外发布2017年两项重大课题成果——《中国养老金融调查报告》、《中国养老金融发展报告(2017)》蓝皮书。两份报告指出,我国需要不断完善多层次养老保障体系,包括探索养老金第三支柱的中国路径,把建立个人养老金制度作为建立多层次养老保障体系建设的一个发展战略。同时创新养老金融产品,满足多元化养老投资需求也尤为重要。

在同一场合,西南财经大学中国家庭金融调查与研究中心主任甘犁表示,目前我国居民对于养老金融储备的意愿相对比较强烈,且不少居民已经进行了养老金融投资,但当前需要金融机构创新养老金融产品,满足不同群体的多元化需求。

据甘犁介绍,《中国养老金融调查报告》显示,调查对象养老投资/理财方式偏好最大的依然是银行存款或银行理财,占30.2%,其次是商业养老保险产品,占20.5%,购买股票或者基金以及购买房产则分别占13.2%和10%。同时仅有5.8%的调查对象没有也尚未打算进行任何养老投资或理财。

然而,近几年来,随着经济增长减缓和各种风险敞口增加,养老金投资收益率下降明显。

据董克用介绍,在宏观经济下行及“金融去杠杆”的政策环境影响下,2016年我国权益类和固定收益类市场双双走低。受此影响,2016年我国养老金投资收益率出现了较大降幅。其中,企业年金全市场平均收益率为3.03%,创下了近5年来企业年金投资收益率的新低;而全国社保基金2016年的投资收益率则仅为1.7%,是2001年以来年度收益率的第三低。

“养老金是典型的长期资金,在较长时间内收支和规模变动相对明确,不可预期的提取需求相对较少,资金规模稳定且具有较强的长期属性,在短期内风险忍耐程度更高。”董克用表示,从我国实践来看,多种因素导致养老金尚不能完全发挥长期资金优势,其中包括整体投资风格偏向保守,企业年金、基本养老金和社保基金权益类资产投资比例远远未达到30%、40%政策上限。

目前,我国储备养老金对权益类资产的配置比例要求不超过40%,基本养老金、企业年金、职业年金对权益类资产的配置比例要求不超过30%。但在实际运作过程中,对权益类资产的配置可能远低于最低比例限制。

“权益类投资收益虽然短期具有一定的不确定性,但长期来看,股票投资收益高于债券几乎是确定的,对于长期的养老金资产而言,养老金资产配置应该更加积极,增加权益类资产配置。同时投资范围也要进一步扩大。”《中国养老金融发展报告(2017)》指出。

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