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地方高校转型应强化应用理念
2017-09-08 08:32:26 中国青年网
□白玉
供给侧结构性改革是推动中国经济长期稳定发展的一条主线。在高等教育领域,未来的改革和发展同样面临处理好政府与市场的关系、改革与发展的关系和解决“产能过剩”的问题。当前,我国高等教育供给侧结构性改革呈现出高校发展从与政府互动到与市场、政府双向协作,高等教育改革从政府主导到社会参与,发展任务从大众化到多样化三大趋势性特征。显然,地方高校转型作为高等教育供给侧结构性改革的重要内容,将会在“十三五”时期取得实质性进展。
更多地以市场需求为导向
自《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》提出,要通过市场在资源配置中起决定性作用来深化经济体制改革,经济社会发展中政府与市场之间的关系正在发生重大变化,对教育领域也同样产生深刻影响。一方面,政府在义务教育和涉及公共利益的某些教育领域将承担和发挥更加重要的责任。另一方面,某些非义务教育和与市场经济联系密切的教育层次、环节或领域,则需要更多地以市场需求为导向。高等教育与就业市场之间的关系将逐渐成为教育改革发展中的重要方面,高校将从以往更多地与政府互动,转向与市场、政府双向协作。
基于人口因素的预测,我国高等教育大众化与普及化的临界点约在2020-2025年。高等教育普及化的来临意味着高考招生形势将会发生逆转,使得就业率普遍偏低、经费来源主要以学杂费收入为主、发展“同质化”的地方本科院校,尤其是新建本科院校面临更大的转型压力,进而面向经济社会发展需求办学的积极性主动性更高。
政府的决策和高校的创新联动
随着高等教育规模基本稳定,对于若干重要教育领域的问题,已不能单纯通过增量来解决,而要对现有的制度设计与教育结构进行存量改革,即从以往的发展带动改革,逐渐转变为改革推动发展。由于存量改革涉及已经形成的各种不同的利益集团,在改革目标和措施上难以形成共识,因而难度更大,不仅需要政府富有“担当”精神,更需要改革从“政府主导型”转向“社会参与型”,在制度安排上既强化自上而下的顶层设计,更注重自下而上的基层创新。
地方高校是目前我国高等教育体系中体量最大的一类学校,基于区域间经济社会发展的需求不同,其转型既需要各级政府的科学决策,又需要地方高校的积极探索。对于向应用技术大学转型,河南省黄淮学院就做出了有益的尝试,被教育部确定为首批应用技术大学改革战略研究试点院校,入选中国应用技术大学联盟。
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