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马克思主义文化观的扛鼎之作

2017-09-07 04:16:51   中国青年网

《文化自信中的传统与当代》陈先达 著 北京师范大学出版社

【读书者说】

文化是当今哲学关注的热点,文化问题是重大的理论和实践问题。在中国特色社会主义建设进程中,在实现中华民族伟大复兴的历史征途上,文化自信是具有引领意义的纲领和信念,也是富有前景的追求和展望。年高德劭的马克思主义哲学家陈先达先生近年来在文化问题上发表了一系列精彩论述,《文化自信中的传统与当代》(以下简称《文化自信》)正是基于这些论述的皇皇之作。

文化自信中的传统与当代问题,就是以马克思主义作为基本理论和方法,正确处理古今中外的关系。基于这样的思想构架,《文化自信》从宏观层面的思考出发,集中在中观层面上,并对微观层面有所涉猎。对文化及其基本问题的哲学思考和一般性思考,属于宏观层面;对中国传统文化的当代价值、马克思主义与中国传统文化、历史唯物主义与中国道路等议题的思考,属于中观层面;对是否可以“尊孔读经”等问题的思考,属于微观层面。宏观、中观和微观三个层面的探究相互结合乃至交融,使得《文化自信》既有博大精深的品质,又有细微之处的关怀,远近兼顾,刚柔相济。

历史唯物主义不是文化决定论,这是《文化自信》的理论出发点。对文化的定义与功能的阐发,对文化的本质与基本形态的分析,对文化的时代性与民族性关系的把握,都应基于历史唯物主义的立场、观点和方法。文化问题何以成为现时代的热点不可能从文化本身得到解释,当代人类困境不能简单归结为文化危机,西方社会也不可能依靠东方文化摆脱危机,因为西方的问题在根本上是经济和政治制度的危机。强调物质生产方式对精神生产的制约性,丝毫不会否认文化作为“保持社会稳定和同一性的精神加固器”的重要意义,不能削弱社会主义先进文化建设的重要性,不会忽视建立文化强国的迫切性,而是突出表明,实现中华民族的伟大复兴不单纯是一个文化问题,必须依靠社会主义的经济制度和政治制度。

在当代中国,坚持马克思主义就是坚持当代中国马克思主义,当代中国的文化自信就是当代中国马克思主义的文化自信,就是中国共产党人的文化自信。文化自信绝不是文化自大,更不是文化上的闭关锁国或拒绝文化交流,当代中国是当代世界语境中的中国,一如当代世界是中国于其中发挥越来越大作用的世界。陈先生不赞成“东方文化主导论”,更不同意中西“文化冲突论”,中国文化自信的重建和中华民族伟大复兴是促进世界和平发展的重要力量。

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