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文化七日谈 文艺评论的冷静与辨识

2017-09-06 08:37:00   中国青年网

9月4日,来自全国30个省区市的200余名文艺评论家会聚沈阳,参加中国文艺评论家协会第六期会员专题研讨班。如此规模的全国性培训和研讨活动在我们家门口举办,对于辽宁的文艺评论工作者来说,真是偏得,同时也促使我们思考文艺评论如何在文艺的发展中产生影响力。

文艺的现实纷繁复杂,文艺之外的东西如资本,有力地侵入文艺的创作和传播。它一方面利用大众的娱乐欲望和慰藉需求,重塑文艺,使文艺背离其本质,成为名利手段,成为消费品,成为“他者”;另一方面,它也有效地控制着接受者,重塑欲望和需求,使接受者放弃自己的内心需要,把别人重塑的欲望和需求当作自己的欲望和需求。由此生出一堆文艺怪异现象,烂剧吸粉、赚钱,污段子可能比那些纯粹的艺术品受到追捧。在今天,特别需要有人对文艺现实敏锐发声,辨识优劣和真伪。浏览媒体会发现,长长短短的文艺评论一点不缺,文艺评论在新旧媒体中都非常活跃,但对文艺怪异有力量的言说少而弱,所以文艺评论的有效性就是一个问题。

文艺领域热热闹闹的事很多,三天两头有某部剧或某个片子“爆款”,一个现象级事件随之出现。对此,文艺评论者往往跟着媒体走,急着说话,急着发稿子,好抢个头筹。这没错,而比这更重要的是评论者的冷静。冷静了,评论者才能和评论对象保持距离,有了距离才能透视,看清它的真面目。我们倡导冷静,其实是在倡导理性。复杂的文艺现实,需要理性的审视。评论者冷静下来、理性了,他才能持一种独立的评论姿态。

文艺评论的力量来自于文艺评论者对评论对象的准确辨识。对于倾向性问题和一些作品的优劣,能一眼看到底,看到实质。比如对网络文学,尽管其倡导者一再说网络文学的兴起改变着文学的本质,评论者对此应做出清楚阐释:网络文学和与生命方生方成的文学是两回事,各有各存在的理由; 又比如对纪录片,评论者有必要明确:纪录片以其记录的客观性,维护着观众接受的独立和自主,等等。辨识的可信性又以清晰的缕析为基础,以缕析的内在逻辑为支撑。缕析的过程会激活读者的思想,而激活思想恰是文艺评论的重要功能。

这些,都要以文艺评论者的文艺观为前提。评论者对文艺的本质、对文艺与生命的关系有自己的明确意识。观念决定定力,有定力,评论者才不会受种种变异甚至颠覆的干扰,才能以冷静和辨识,坚守文艺的本性。

□洪兆惠

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