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论中国特色社会主义的创新发展理念

2017-09-05 14:30:42   中国青年网

原标题:论中国特色社会主义的创新发展理念

党的十八大以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央提出了创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的新发展理念,为我们党治国理政开创了一个新的境界。创新是引领发展的第一动力,创新发展理念在新发展理念中居于首位。创新发展理念的提出,既有我国多年发展实践的经验基础,也是以马克思主义为指导、博采中外关于国家经济发展理论精华的结果。我国的创新发展理念和在创新发展理念指导下的创新发展战略、创新发展政策系统化地构成了中国特色社会主义政治经济学的重要篇章。

创新发展理念提出的理论与实践基础

党的十八届五中全会提出,坚持创新发展,必须把创新摆在国家发展全局的核心位置,不断推进理论创新、制度创新、科技创新、文化创新等各方面创新,让创新贯穿党和国家一切工作,让创新在全社会蔚然成风。必须把发展基点放在创新上,形成促进创新的体制架构,塑造更多依靠创新驱动、更多发挥先发优势的引领型发展。这意味着创新成为我国未来发展的基点、核心和第一动力,我国的发展将在创新驱动下更多地向引领型发展转变。通过技术创新促进技术进步、进而推进一国的经济增长和社会发展,并不是一个全新的发展理念,甚至可以认为是发展经济学乃至整个当代西方经济学的核心主题之一。但是,对于处于当前发展阶段以及国内国际环境下的社会主义中国而言,“创新发展”的提出是一个开拓发展新境界的全新发展理念。从理论层面看,创新发展理念是中国特色社会主义政治经济学的重要内容,是以马克思主义政治经济学为指导,吸收当代西方经济学有关技术进步促进经济增长、科学技术发展规律等方面理论认识综合创新的结果,继承和发展了马克思主义政治经济学;从实践层面看,创新发展理念是中国共产党治国理政的实践经验的总结概括,是基于对中国发展阶段以及当今世情、国情的科学把握,基于对世界经济社会和科技发展趋势以及我国发展面临的新机遇、新挑战、新问题的深刻认识而提出的科学的发展理念。

中国特色社会主义创新发展理念,其根本的理论基础来自于马克思主义政治经济学关于解放和发展社会生产力的基本原则。虽然马克思并没有直接给创新下过精确的定义,但在马克思的诸多论著中,曾使用过“创造”“创立”“发明”“革命”等与创新含义接近的概念。已有研究将马克思创新理论中创新的定义概括为:现实的人针对新的现实情况,有目的地从事的一种前人未曾从事过的创造性的、复杂性的高级实践活动,是人的自觉能动性的重要体现。对应物质生产实践、社会关系实践与科学实验人类实践活动的这三种基本形式,创新主要有技术创新、制度创新、科学创新三种基本形式。通过科学创新可以将科学知识转化为生产力,引发生产工具变革从而推动生产关系的变革。马克思认为,技术作为一种渗透性的生产要素,通过提高劳动者的能力、促进资本积累以及改进劳动资料特别是生产工具,把巨大的自然力和自然科学并入生产过程,使生产过程科学化,进而对提高生产力、促进经济发展具有巨大的促进作用。创新不仅对经济增长具有促进作用,还是推动社会发展的重要力量。马克思总是把技术创新看成是推动社会发展的有力杠杆,看成是最高意义上的革命力量,认为技术创新在推动社会发展中的巨大作用,不仅表现在对没落社会制度的摧毁上,而且也表现在对上升的社会制度的引领和推进上。但马克思也认为,技术进步推动社会发展的作用是一个历史范畴,在人类社会发展的不同时期,技术进步推动社会发展的作用是不一样的,因为技术成果只有运用到生产中,转化为现实的生产力,才会对社会发展产生相应的推动作用,才能成为推动社会发展的强大动力。

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