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先学“天地人” 再学“a o e”

2017-08-29 09:43:53   央广网

9月1日,全市小学一年级、初一年级的语文、历史、道德与法治三科将启用全新的国家统编教材。新教材突出立德树人,在强化社会主义核心价值观、传统文化、人文精神等教育的同时,兼顾“减负”,提高学生能力。例如小学语文古诗文增加至百余篇,适度降低汉语拼音难度,低学段减少识字量。

【 语文 】

先认字再学拼音

翻开小学语文新教材,原本占据第一课的“a o e”被“天、地、人、你、我、他、金、木、水、火、土”取代,9月1日上小学的孩子们将先认汉字,开学一个多月后再学拼音。

语文教材总主编、北京大学中文系教授温儒敏解释,此举是为了帮助孩子们建立对汉字原初的感觉,一上学第一印象就学汉字,而不是拼音字母。据一线教师介绍,现在很多学校小学一年级就学英语,如果先学汉语拼音,孩子们很容易和英语混淆。而且,一年级的孩子很难理解“声母”“韵母”等知识,重复练习容易让孩子感到无趣,甚至失去学习语文的兴趣。而先学一段时间汉字,再学拼音,孩子们会发现原来用拼音还可以去读不认识的字,这会让孩子们体会到学习语文的乐趣和成就感。

在降低学习汉语拼音难度的同时,小学低学段的认字量也有所减少。温儒敏透露,语文低学段原来认字量是1800字,现在减少到1600字;以前要求全部会读、会写、会认,现在强调多认少写,1600个字里会写一半就可以了。温儒敏表示,这既是“减负”,也有学理依据。识字的目标是希望孩子们到二年级下学期就可以大致独立阅读。

增加了古诗文

小学语文增加中华传统文化分量。古诗文篇幅上,小学增至129篇,占选文总体数量的30%左右,初中有132篇,且选文体裁多样,从《诗经》到清人诗作,从诸子散文到历史散文,从两汉论文到唐宋古文、明清小品文,均有选择。同时增设专题栏目,如小学的“日积月累”栏目,安排了楹联、成语、谚语、歇后语、蒙学读物等,初中的“综合性学习”栏目,围绕“友”“信”“和”等传统文化关键词,设计了一系列专题活动;教材还大量编选反映中华优秀传统文化和传统美德的课文,如《纸的发明》等。

培养读书兴趣

以前教材编写普遍是主题单元,此次统编教材采取语文素养和人文精神双线组织单元的方式来编排。

同时,注重培养学生的读书兴趣。统编教材中,课文数量减少,但衍生阅读量大增。教学上也改变以往只注重精学精讲的方式,精学的同时还要注重默读、浏览、跳读、猜读、比较阅读、整本书阅读等。小学语文还安排了“亲子阅读”,让孩子和大人一起读书。初中则安排名著导读、古诗文诵读,“统编新教材主治不读书、少读书。”温儒敏说。

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