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催化剂抗积碳稳定性研究取得重大进展

2017-08-29 06:26:24   中国青年网

本报讯 记者沈则瑾报道:近日,甲烷二氧化碳自热重整制合成气装置在山西潞安集团煤制油基地实现稳定运行。目前该装置已稳定运行1000小时以上。

甲烷二氧化碳重整制合成气技术源于中国科学院上海高等研究院、山西潞安矿业(集团)有限责任公司和荷兰壳牌石油工业公司联合启动的甲烷二氧化碳重整项目,获国家自然科学基金、上海市科委重点项目、中科院战略先导—煤专项、国家科技支撑和国家重点研发计划支持。

经过初期对催化剂失活机理的深入研究,课题组在催化剂抗积碳稳定性研究方面取得重大进展,所研制的催化剂在模拟的工况下稳定运行5000小时以上。课题组完成了催化剂研制和反应器模拟研究以及百吨级催化剂的工程放大和生产,并在山西潞安集团的支持下实施了万方级装置的建设与运行。

CO2与CH4是典型的温室气体,又是重要的含碳资源。将CO2与CH4作为碳源,可以在一定条件下转化为合成气(CO和H2),即称之为甲烷二氧化碳重整或者干重整。较之传统的甲烷蒸汽重整,甲烷二氧化碳重整几乎不消耗水,而是大量利用二氧化碳,降低能耗的同时缓解温室气体减排压力,因此受到广泛关注。然而,该反应过程特别容易积碳,抗积碳催化剂和专用反应器被公认为是其技术实现工业化的核心难题。

上海高等研究院低碳转化科学与工程重点实验室博士张军介绍,实验室成功解决了纳米金属的稳定性问题,尤其是催化剂铸造与内结构的匹配。此类纳米介孔催化剂具有抗积碳和抗烧结双功能,同时,反应器内结构与催化剂的优化匹配是成功的另一个重要因素。该技术适用于常规或非常规天然气的转化利用,也适用于煤化工和冶金行业等。

中国石油和化学工业联合会已对该装置进行了72小时连续运行标定。专家认为,该研究开发了性能优越的高效纳米镍基催化剂和专用反应器,优化了工艺系统,建成了国际首套万Nm3/h级规模甲烷二氧化碳自热重整制合成气工业侧线装置并稳定运行,实现了CO2的高效资源化利用以及产品气H2/CO的灵活可调,建议尽快开展工业化应用推广。

中科院上海高等研究院项目负责人孙予罕说,大规模的甲烷二氧化碳重整技术具有完全自主知识产权,其核心是高效的催化剂和高效反应器的开发。此项技术不仅为富含CO2天然气的规模化利用奠定了重要的技术基础,而且将对山西煤化工产业的低碳化发展做出重大创新。

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