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大连化物所气体膜分离技术研究取得新进展

2017-08-27 05:11:43   中国青年网

本报讯(彭媛 记者谢小芳)天然气、氢气、烷烃、烯烃等气体是重要的能源及基础化工原料,其高效、节能、环保的分离需求越发迫切。气体膜分离技术是一种高效分离工艺手段,其中,膜材料是膜分离的基础和核心。近日,中国科学院大连化学物理研究所杨维慎研究员带领团队在二维MOFs气体分离膜领域取得新的进展,相关结果发表在《德国应用化学》上。

相比深冷精馏、吸附、冷凝等传统的气体分离技术,气体膜分离技术能耗更低,碳排放量更少,是一种高效、节能分离技术。大连化物所以金属有机骨架材料(MOF)为研究对象,在国际上率先提出以二维多孔纳米片构筑高效超透气型分离膜。二维多孔纳米片由于其原子级别厚度以及极低的物质传输阻力,正成为高透量气体分离膜领域的研究热点。MOF纳米片由于其具有丰富的骨架结构资源以及分子尺度的高密度孔道,是一种十分理想的膜构筑单元。这一研究为开发高效节能气体分离技术带来了全新的机遇,受到业界的高度关注和认可。

然而制备结构稳定的金属有机骨架纳米片难度大,工艺过程复杂,这严重阻碍了二维MOF纳米片膜的后续发展。为解决此问题,大连化物所的科研团队在已有研究成果的基础上,选择了一种全新的双亲性层状MOF前驱体,在温和的物理外力作用下,于国际上首次剥层得到单分子层厚度的MOF纳米片,随后利用自主研发的热组装法制备了具有超高气体渗透通量和精确分子筛分能力的二维MOF纳米片膜。

该膜具有恰当尺寸的纳米片孔道及片层间空隙,对于尺寸差异仅0.04纳米的氢气和二氧化碳混合气体而言,更大的二氧化碳分子无法穿过孔道而只能老实地绕过片层走,而小巧的氢气分子则能够穿过孔道这一捷径,直达膜的另一侧,从而展现出极佳的气体筛分性能。更为有趣的是,由于双亲性材料对二氧化碳的“偏爱”,使得二氧化碳分子想要透过膜,需要耗费更多的能量,因此该膜随着测试温度的升高,其对氢气透量和混合气体分离选择性同时升高,二氧化碳透量却几乎不变,完全不同于其它二维纳米片膜材料性能随温度升高而降低。新型双亲性MOF纳米片不仅在CO2燃烧前捕获领域具有广阔应用前景,而且对于未来纳米片膜材料的选取具有重要指导意义。

上述工作得到中科院战略先导科技专项基金和国家自然科学基金的资助。

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