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粮食短缺致使拉美移民美国倾向加剧

2017-08-29 06:21:14   中国青年网

本报纽约电 记者朱旌报道:由世界粮食计划署参与的一项机构间研究发现,拉丁美洲国家萨尔瓦多、危地马拉和洪都拉斯长期干旱导致的粮食安全问题与这些国家人口向美国非正规移民加剧之间存在关联,这在2014年至2016年厄尔尼诺现象造成干旱加剧之后显得更加明显。

专家在这份题为《粮食安全与移民:人们为什么逃离及其对留在萨尔瓦多、危地马拉和洪都拉斯的家庭成员的影响》报告中指出,为防止三国干旱走廊沿线的人口移民,并减少移民的风险以及对滞留家庭成员的影响,各方要加大力度,专注投资计划的长期性。

研究发现,该地区年轻人和弱势人口离开干旱走廊粮食不安全地区的趋势逐步增强,滞留家庭成员面临着支付移民债务的负担。如果移民失败,他们将面临越来越多的债务,而且难以满足自身的粮食需求。

报告显示,在受访家庭中,有47%的家庭粮食缺乏保障。在过去3年对干旱走廊的评估中,这种粮食不安全状况未曾出现过。约72%的受访家庭表示,他们正在采用出售土地、牲畜和工具等“紧急”策略购买食物来应对缺粮状况。78%的滞留家庭成员表示他们每月都收到汇款,而且42%的受访家庭表示汇款是他们唯一的收入来源。其中,一半以上的汇款被用来购买食物,其次是用于农业投资,如购买土地和牲畜或投资小企业。

美洲国家组织强调,美洲国家数百万同胞仍然在遭受饥饿的事实表明,全社会仍有许多工作要做。

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