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抵御海洋生物“移民” 专家高筑“过境防火墙”

2017-08-28 16:51:07   央广网

央广网上海8月28日消息(记者吴善阳 通讯员屈琳琳))提起小龙虾,人们往往垂涎欲滴。却鲜有人知道,它在20世纪30-40年代从日本“移民”中国,属于外来入侵物种。如果不把它送上“餐桌”解决一部分,科学家们要对抗它的繁殖,还真没有有效的防治方法。

资料显示,中国确认的外来入侵物种已达500多种,其中大面积发生、危害严重的达100多种,每年造成上千亿的经济损失。为保护海洋生态,抵御海洋生物“移民”,近日,上海海洋大学的科研工作者们正在加紧筑牢“防火墙”,保护蓝色海洋的“绿水青山”。

在“异国”为海水“体检”

清晨八点,洋山港码头上已是光芒四射。一辆标有“上海海洋大学船舶压载水检测实验室”字样的汽车缓缓驶进了港口。上海海洋大学生态学专业研究生李倩从车上下来,拿着一张海港边防检查站出具的“登轮许可证”,迈向了一艘挂有美国国旗的船舶。

“我这算是‘出境’了,”李倩笑着对记者说,在用熟练的英文和大副交流后,她手脚并用,钻进了这艘船舶的底舱。足足一个小时后,她从船上的人孔爬出来,手上多了几个装着海水的玻璃瓶。

“这是不同压载舱内的海水,”顾不上擦去脸边的汗水,她急匆匆地回到了车上。“我们需要对这些海水进行检测,以确定它是否能够在我国的海域排放。”

按照国际法,李倩在他国船舶上“走了一遭”,这属于出境。在“异国”为海水做“体检”,是为了蔚蓝的海洋不再遭受生态破坏。

“杀手”入侵 海洋生态保卫战迫在眉睫

为什么要对船舶上的海水进行检测?上海海洋大学吴惠仙教授解开了其中的奥秘。原来,海洋外来生物入侵主要来自远洋航运船舶的携带。压载水中携带的细菌、其他微生物、浮游植物、浮游动物、休眠卵以及幼体等各类水生生物,卸载到排放地水域后,可能特别适应当地环境,从而大量繁殖,并进一步影响当地海域的海洋生物多样性,威胁本地物种的生存,甚至危害当地居民的健康。

吴惠仙介绍到,鼎鼎有名的福寿螺、水葫芦、巴西龟等等,这些都是外来入侵物种。它们由于其强劲的繁殖能力和适应能力,对当地造成了严重的生态破坏。

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