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做学问要有点“戆脾气”(书人书事)
2017-08-29 04:31:01 中国青年网
1984年,姜亮夫先生在82岁高龄时,受教育部委托,在杭州大学开办了高校第一期敦煌学讲习班。学员是二十几位来自全国各地高校的青年教师。姜先生本不是强健的体魄,为了讲课,真是用了大力。每次上课前,老人家静气闭目,打坐般地打腹稿,上完课,还得静休一天两日才得复元。日后,这次讲课记录被学员整理为《敦煌学概论》出版。至今,这一册小书一版再版,出过不下5个版本。
这本小书,成文不过30余年,从经典的定义上说,真是算不得久远,但书是跟着成书的人走的,人是经典,书也就经典了。与时空相隔却永存的文字,那种字句背后的直立感、醇厚的陈年酒香,逼着你要把一本小书读厚了,才略略敢说:“总算读懂了一点。”
这本书讲的是“做学问”,用研究敦煌做了范例。姜先生一辈子的学问,是拿到什么都可以研究起来。儿时父亲见他读红楼,要求他既读了,就要研究,他就做了一篇红楼人物关系表,可算作是第一个“研究成果”。从此一生,只要有一张安得下的书桌,有一支笔,他就什么方向都有兴趣钻研下去。比如敦煌,每一件东西,无论是从宗教、儒学、艺术或是人物,都可以深深研习下去。什么年代卷子用了怎样的规矩抄?用了怎样的“纸”去抄?谁抄的?为什么读了6000卷忽然这一卷上会有一点胭脂红?每一个“为什么”,姜先生都想理清了,明明白白告诉后人。他说“整个敦煌文物都在说明与中国全部文化有关系”。
敦煌是姜先生自少求学时就知道的。老师指点他读朱疆村的《疆村丛书》,告诉他书中收的第一种词集是在敦煌发现的,这是他第一次知道敦煌留下了很多宝藏;后来师从王国维,又时时得到这样的指点:“这个东西敦煌卷子里有,你们去看看吧”,于是,他经常去清华图书馆找敦煌的东西看;再后来,上世纪30年代,姜先生用自己教书攒下的钱去欧洲游学,本想在巴黎大学读考古学博士,但几十个博物馆看下来,学习了欧洲学人研究古代文明的方法,看到那么多中国的宝贝在那里睡着,又遇见了北京图书馆公派欧洲的老友王重民和向达,于是,他学位也不要了,自费加入他们。姜先生承担敦煌卷子中汉语音韵的部分,而他自己把工作扩大了一点,还做了儒家经典和道家经典的工作,把能找见的那些宝贝,或拍或摹,哪怕是抄,也要抄了回来。为了从积附了旧年灰垢的卷子上多看出一个字来,姜先生需得十分小心、一点一点粘除经卷上的污迹。他的视力,就在那时候无可救药地坏了下去,待得后来重执教鞭,所有学生无一例外记住了他厚如瓶底的眼镜片和把文字贴举在眼前读的样子。
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