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真正对学问 贡献大的人

2017-08-28 04:21:52   中国青年网

中央文史研究馆馆员葛剑雄在“海上博雅讲坛”上所做的题为《学术与人生》的讲座中指出:我们今天讨论学术至少应该分两个层面,一个人的“学”——学问、做学问的态度,甚至人品,当然也包括他的思想,这是“学”。什么是“术”呢?“术”就是怎么样把他的“学”转化为客观存在的,能够影响社会、能够传至后代,至少能够记录下来的这样一种产品。

真正对学问有贡献的话,那么他应该把这些体现在某一门学术上面。这是为大家,不是为他自己。所以,历史上真正对学问贡献大的人,像司马迁这样,哪怕条件艰苦,他也把所有能写的都写下来,把所有能做的都做下来,留给后人。我们对《尚书》有比较详细的了解,是因为有人把比较早的文字传承下来,我们应该感谢一位也许当时并不是一流的学者,他是谁?伏生,山东人,秦始皇时代的博士,而且他这个博士就是专门研究《尚书》的。秦始皇虽然烧了外面的书,但是官方的书他是不烧的,不仅可以保留,而且有人专门去研究,伏生就是研究这个的。所以秦朝亡了以后他把书藏起来,藏在墙壁里,同时他怕这个书毁掉,他就把它全部背了下来。果然,等到战乱过后,藏在墙壁里的书找不到了。终于,在他90岁的时候等到了汉朝派来的官员,来听他背书,他的口齿不清了,由他的女儿给他当翻译,结果《尚书》的文本留下来了。也许在那个时代,秦始皇身边学问比他高的人多得是,但是他们都只是自娱自乐、自我欣赏,或者在当时博得一个高名。如果没有人去做这种具体的事情,那么这个文脉就断了。(安可摘编)

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