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东南亚恐怖威胁亟须遏制

2017-08-16 08:37:13   中国青年网

□ 中国现代国际关系研究院研究员 傅小强

提 要

8月11日,印度尼西亚总统佐科在出席东盟成立50周年纪念会上表示,恐怖主义和毒品已成为东盟面临的现实威胁,东盟国家需要团结起来协作应对。事实上,近年来东南亚地区连遭国际恐怖势力渗透,暴恐威胁严峻,发展势头若不加以遏制,有可能成为新的国际恐怖策源地。

从半年多来印尼、菲律宾和马来西亚等国的暴恐案发情况看,东南亚地区恐怖袭击频发,东南亚已经成为国际恐怖活动的重灾区。一是印尼首都雅加达今年1月和5月先后发生严重的炸弹袭击事件,国内伊斯兰极端势力反弹,“伊斯兰国”甚至恐吓要将雅加达变成新的战场。二是菲律宾南部安全形势恶化,5月恐怖势力攻陷棉兰老岛的马拉维市,与政府军的激战延续至今,地区恐怖和极端势力有在菲律宾南部扎根和壮大之势。三是马来西亚、新加坡和泰国均遭伊斯兰极端势力渗透,而且面临圣战分子从中东返流东南亚的威胁,新加坡发现多起与“伊斯兰国”有关的渗透情况。6月新加坡国防部长称,本地区伊斯兰极端主义抬头,已对地区安全构成最重要威胁。

东南亚恐情复苏,与“伊斯兰国”在东南亚的活动空间增大有关。事实上,东南亚地区有2.4亿穆斯林,占全球16亿穆斯林人口的15%左右,主要聚居在泰国南部、马来西亚、印度尼西亚及菲律宾南部的广阔群岛上。人口众多的穆斯林成为国际恐怖主义势力极力渗透和拉拢的重点对象,而东南亚地区岛多林茂的地理特征则为恐怖组织和恐怖分子提供了绝好的训练场所与隐匿之地。“伊斯兰国”近几年的建国效应冲击东南亚,该组织通过暴恐宣传吸引支持者,利用当地有影响力的圣战分子招募新人,依靠从叙利亚和伊拉克返回东南亚地区母国的圣战分子进一步扩大“伊斯兰国”在当地的影响。此外,“伊斯兰国”还利用罗兴亚等个别穆斯林群体所遭遇的困境,打着“保护被压迫的穆斯林”等口号来吸引支持者。东南亚地区同情甚至支持“伊斯兰国”的人不仅有普通的居民,有些还是公务员、警察和军人。据新加坡国防部长透露,东南亚至少有30多个恐怖组织与“伊斯兰国”有关。随着“伊斯兰国”在叙利亚和伊拉克受挫,东南亚籍恐怖和极端分子也有意潜回国内开辟新的暴恐基地。

东南亚地区“圣战”势力也日趋活跃。一方面,“伊斯兰国”组织已建立专门的东南亚团伙。一些曾在中东参战的马来西亚人和印尼人建立了一个讲马来语和印尼语的、被称为“伊斯兰国”马来群岛单位的组织,作为“伊斯兰国”在东南亚地区的分支。另一方面,东南亚地区当地极端势力卷土重来。例如,印尼的东印度尼西亚圣战者组织、菲律宾的阿布沙耶夫组织等都宣誓效忠“伊斯兰国”,前者甚至计划在印尼的波索地区打造根据地,后者2016年还宣布在菲律宾南部地区建立新的“省”,并企图借助“伊斯兰国”的理念将沙巴州、菲南和印尼合并成一个“泛伊斯兰国”。此外,印尼和马来西亚国内还发现形形色色的好战地下武装团伙及其分支,如西印尼真主伊斯兰游击队、唯一真主游击队等,这些团伙在新形势下有可能抱团取暖建立松散的伊斯兰极端组织网络,威胁可能更甚。

因此,东南亚国家既要严防“伊斯兰国”联手地区极端势力在东南亚建立新的暴恐活跃带,更要形成反恐怖去极端共识,与相关国家携手打击暴恐和跨国有组织犯罪行为,共同维护地区安全。

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