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约7万年前东南亚雨林就有现代人居住

2017-08-14 10:11:38   中国青年网

新华社北京8月14日电 科学家重新分析了印度尼西亚一处古人类遗址后发现,在7.3万到6.3万年前,东南亚雨林里就有解剖学意义上的现代人居住。

此前关于东南亚最早现代人的估计是约6万年前,但证据不够确凿。新研究以坚实证据显示,现代人到达东南亚的时间比原先预计的早得多。这也是现代人居住在雨林地区的最早记录。

澳大利亚和印度尼西亚研究人员近日在英国《自然》杂志上报告说,他们重新造访了印尼西苏门答腊省一处名为“利达-阿耶尔”的洞穴,这处遗址早在19世纪末就被古人类学家发现,但由于缺乏可靠分析,科学界此前不确定洞穴里发现的人类牙齿化石是否属于现代人,也不知道它们所属年代。

研究人员此次详细分析了牙齿化石的形态特征,并测定了附近的洞穴沉积物、堆积物、动物牙齿等的年代,结果发现,这些化石确定无疑属于解剖学意义上的现代人,生活在7.3万至6.3万年前。而且,这一关于年代的结论与生物地层学、古气候学等其他多个领域的研究一致。

现代人所属物种称为智人,不同时期的智人生理上存在差异,解剖学意义上的现代人是身体结构与现今生存的人类相同的晚期智人。遗传分析显示,解剖学意义上的现代人约在7.5万年前走出非洲,新研究表明他们很快就到达东南亚,适应了与非洲稀树草原差异很大的雨林环境。

此外,由于东南亚被认为是人类从非洲迁徙到大洋洲的必经之地,这一发现也意味着现代人到达澳大利亚的时间可能早于预期。

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