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甲状腺疾病,贵在规范治疗

2017-08-15 09:44:30   中国青年网

甲状腺癌,癌症家族曾经的小成员,如今地位正在一步一步攀升,越来越多的人被甲状腺癌“拿下”。省肿瘤医院张园主任告诉记者,上海女性甲状腺癌的发病率已经跃居女性易发肿瘤的第5把交椅,而南京多家大医院专家也感觉甲状腺癌患者越来越多了。

● 发病率高,治疗水平参差不齐

甲状腺结节患者最担忧的是会不会进展为甲状腺癌。张园说,的确在甲状腺疾病中,大约有5%-15%的甲状腺结节会发展成为恶性的甲状腺癌,而近85%的患者都是良性的。

不过,甲状腺疾病大都表现为女性高发,男性患者数量较少但病情更重的特点,尤其是低龄或高龄的男性患者更要警惕,因为他们可能要面对更高风险。

当然,要具体评判甲状腺结节是良性还是恶性,还需要专业医生的评估。需要提醒广大市民的是,即便是甲状腺癌也不用过度恐慌,因为经过规范的多学科治疗,甲状腺癌的预后在所有恶性肿瘤中也是相对比较好的。

目前数据显示,美国甲状腺癌患者的5年存活率为98.2%,欧洲为86.5%。在中国,在综合实力较强的三级医院专业科室接受规范化治疗的患者,5年存活率可超过90%,而二级医院5年生存率仅为67.5%。所以推行规范诊疗流程对提高基层医院诊疗水平、缩小诊疗差距有着重大的意义。

● 江苏“甲状腺癌诊治流程图”来了

近年来我国甲状腺癌诊疗水平有了很大提升,但各个地域发展不平衡,推行规范诊疗同质化就非常有必要。

张园表示,如果首次手术或操作不规范,不仅会引起局部残留或过度治疗,甚至引起肿瘤的种植播散,既增加了二次手术率和并发症发生的风险又降低了治愈率。对病人而言,是生理心理上的双重打击。

张园牵头发动了省内甲状腺外科、内分泌、核医学、病理、影像等多学科的专家,针对容易出现的甲状腺良性结节过度手术等7个突出问题,在参考国际、国内甲状腺癌诊疗指南的基础上,制定出了江苏地区甲状腺癌诊疗流程图,甲状腺癌的病理分型、体征、诊断、治疗、随访等内容一目了然。

● 九成甲状腺癌可治愈

据了解,近年来,国内甲状腺癌的患病率快速攀升,已飞速跨入了常见恶性肿瘤的行列并成为业界关注的热点和焦点。虽然对于甲状腺癌的诊治,还有许多争议,但规范化诊疗已成为全国从事甲状腺癌临床诊疗人员的共识。

“目前,多学科综合治疗是甲状腺癌最有效的治疗方法,这样才能让患者得到更加规范、更加全面的治疗。只要首次采取规范诊疗和随访,95%的甲状腺癌是可以被治愈的。”张园说,随着肿瘤学科的发展,甲状腺癌治疗也不断从外科手术向内分泌、核医学、病理、影像介入等多学科协作模式过渡。某种意义上说,规范不仅是针对外科,应是整体和全流程的。

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