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5岁娃每7人就有1人常尿床 专家推行规范诊治

2017-08-14 11:09:34   中国青年网

人民网武汉8月14日电 尿床不是病?非也。在中国,满5岁的娃娃,每7人就有1人有遗尿病,有些到青春期乃至成人还为尿床而苦恼,但与此形成反差的是,带孩子就诊的家长还不足两成。8月12至13日,第三届长江儿科医学发展论坛在汉举行,与会专家首次发布这一项涉及全国十万多人的流行病学调查。

2017年,中国儿童夜遗尿专家协作组开展了“中国儿童和青少年遗尿症流行病学调查”。在13日的长江儿科医学发展论坛肾脏分论坛上,中国医师协会儿科医师分会肾脏专委会主任委员、复旦大学附属儿科医院教授徐虹发布了调查结果。

此次调查发放有效问卷100127份,居国际之最,覆盖5-18岁年龄段,涉及全国25个省、市和自治区,武汉市是其中之一。调查显示,5岁儿童遗尿症患病率为15.2%,7岁儿童遗尿症患病率是8.2%,10岁儿童遗尿症患病率是4.8%。虽然随着年龄的增长不少孩子会自愈,但部分患者会延续到成人。调查中,16-18岁的人群中还有1.7%为此苦恼。在各个年龄层的尿床孩子中,有20%每周尿床3次以上。

家长对孩子频“画地图”怎么看?调查显示,高达35.7%的家长曾指责骂过孩子。不少家长甚至认为尿床是孩子因为调皮而故意“捣乱”,也有家长因此自责。孩子5岁后仍然尿床怎么办?调查显示,仅有18.2%的家长会带孩子求医,天天尿床孩子的家长中,只有40.9%的家长会带孩子就诊。不少家长并不认为尿床有多严重,甚至觉得孩子自己并不在意。其实,这些孩子承受着比同龄孩子大得多的痛苦。

武汉儿童医院小儿肾病内科主任栾江威介绍,如果大于5岁的孩子每周尿床超过两次,且持续超过3个月,很可能是“儿童遗尿症”,家长须当心。尿床不是孩子的错,也不是家长养育方式出了问题,它只是儿童时期常见的临床问题。长期尿床会影响儿童心理发育,尿床后会使小儿害羞、畏缩、自卑,如果父母不顾及小儿的自尊心,采取打骂、威胁、惩罚的手段,会使孩子更加紧张、委屈和忧郁,经常处于诚惶诚恐中,只能使孩子精神更加紧张而加重尿床现象。

而对于遗尿症,不仅是家长重视程度不够,基层医生对此病也不够了解。为了让多人了解遗尿症,2014年,中国儿童遗尿疾病管理协作组出台《中国儿童单症状性夜遗尿疾病管理专家共识》。2015年,湖北省建起了夜遗尿专家协作组,开始对基层儿科医生进行规范化诊疗的培训,到今年已是第三期,共培训近500位儿科医生。

武汉儿童医院院长邵剑波介绍,长江儿科医学发展论坛由华中科技大学同济医学院附属武汉儿童医院主办,是国内最具影响力的儿科学术论坛之一。

此次长江儿科医学发展论坛,还分设置小儿外科、内分泌、肾脏、检验等四个分论坛,各行业“大咖”对专病进行精细讲解,并开设多个基层医生学习班,让基层医生提升鉴别、诊治疾病的能力。这也正是为了加强对基层儿科队伍的培养,增强市民信任度,从而更好地推进儿科分级诊疗。(高琛琛)

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