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每7个5岁娃就有1个常尿床 专家推行规范诊治

2017-08-14 10:43:21   央广网

央广网8月14日武汉消息(记者凌姝 通讯员高琛琛)尿床不是病?非也。在中国,满5岁的娃娃,每7人就有1个有遗尿病,有些到青春期乃至成人还为尿床而苦恼,但与此形成反差的是,带孩子就诊的家长还不足两成。8月12-13日,第三届长江儿科医学发展论坛在汉举行,与会专家首次发布这一项涉及全国十万多人的流行病学调查。

2017年,中国儿童夜遗尿专家协作组开展了“中国儿童和青少年遗尿症流行病学调查”。在13日的长江儿科医学发展论坛肾脏分论坛上,中国医师协会儿科医师分会肾脏专委会主任委员、复旦大学附属儿科医院教授徐虹发布了调查结果。

此次调查发放有效问卷100127份,居国际之最,覆盖5-18岁年龄段,涉及全国25个省、市和自治区,武汉市是其中之一。调查显示,5岁儿童遗尿症患病率为15.2%,7岁儿童遗尿症患病率是8.2%,10岁儿童遗尿症患病率是4.8%。虽然随着年龄的增长不少孩子会自愈,但部分患者会延续到成人。调查中,16-18岁的人群中还有1.7%为此苦恼。在各个年龄层的尿床孩子中,有20%每周尿床3次以上。

家长对孩子频频“画地图”怎么看?调查显示,高达35.7%的家长曾为此责骂过孩子。不少家长甚至认为尿床是孩子因为调皮而故意“捣乱”,也有家长因此自责。孩子5岁后仍然尿床怎么办?调查显示,仅有18.2%的家长会带孩子求医,天天尿床孩子的家长中,只有40.9%的家长会带孩子就诊。不少家长并不认为尿床有多严重,甚至觉得孩子自己并不在意。其实,这些孩子承受着比同龄孩子大得多的痛苦

武汉儿童医院小儿肾病内科主任栾江威介绍,如果大于5岁的孩子每周尿床超过两次,且持续超过3个月,很可能是“儿童遗尿症”,家长须当心。尿床不是孩子的错,也不是家长养育方式出了问题,它只是儿童时期常见的临床问题。长期尿床会影响儿童心理发育,尿床后会使小儿害羞、畏缩、自卑,如果父母不顾及小儿的自尊心,采取打骂、威胁、惩罚的手段,会使孩子更加紧张、委屈和忧郁,经常处于诚惶诚恐中,只能使孩子精神更加紧张而加重尿床现象。

而对于遗尿症,不仅是家长重视程度不够,基层医生对此病也不够了解。为了让多人了解遗尿症,2014年,中国儿童遗尿疾病管理协作组出台《中国儿童单症状性夜遗尿疾病管理专家共识》。2015年,湖北省建起了夜遗尿专家协作组,开始对基层儿科医生进行规范化诊疗的培训,到今年已是第三期,共培训近500位儿科医生。

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