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用医保谈判 挤药价水分(不吐不快)

2017-08-11 06:33:42   中国青年网

●相对于行政化的管理手段,谈判方式更加符合药品市场规律。社会保险部门或药品管理部门代表患者群体和药企谈判,根据药物经济学、临床疗效等来降低昂贵的新药药价,减轻患者负担

最近,人社部公布36种药品的谈判结果,其中大部分是疗效显著但价格昂贵的创新药、专利药,其中抗肿瘤和免疫调节剂品种数量占总品种数一半左右。这些药品被纳入国家医保报销乙类目录,将大大减轻患者负担。

一人生大病,全家犹如经历一场灾难,尤其是那些肿瘤、免疫疾病、罕见病患者家庭。灾难主要是指大病治疗费用高,医保往往无法报销,造成家庭经济负担过重。世界卫生组织将这部分超出家庭负担能力的经济支出称为灾难性支出,认为如果灾难性支出超过家庭总支出的40%,将导致家庭因病致贫。这部分支出中,占大头的就是那些动辄上万元的创新特效药、专利药。根据统计,我国癌症每年新发病例在300万左右,已成为死亡第一大原因。如果能减少这部分支出,将大大减轻家庭经济负担,避免大量家庭因病致贫、因病返贫。针对大病人群,我国出台了城乡居民大病保险制度,从基本医保中切出一部分资金,用于补偿大病患者。但是各地出于基金安全考虑,没有将这些最费钱的药品纳入大病保险补偿目录,大量病人无法享受到大病保险制度的实惠。

对付高药价,并非没办法。此次医保目录准入引进谈判机制,大幅降低昂贵的创新药、专利药价格,平均降幅达到44%,低于周边国际市场价。这是医保首次用市场化手段对药品目录准入进行管理,对患者、药企、医保基金来说是一个三赢局面。经很多发达国家验证,以谈判机制确定创新药、专利药价格,是比较成熟的手段。相对于行政化的管理手段,谈判方式更符合药品市场规律。社会保险部门或药品管理部门代表患者群体和药企谈判,根据药物经济学、临床疗效等来降低昂贵的新药药价,使患者负担减轻,创新药品研发受到鼓励。医保基金提前介入临床环节的管理,把握控费主动权,更加有利于合理用药、控制不合理费用增长,基金使用效率更高。去年5月,国家卫计委也曾主导进行创新药、专利药的谈判降价,3种纳入试点的肺癌、乙肝药品平均降价一半,目前已纳入2017医保报销目录,截至今年6月,为患者减少支出2亿多元。

我国医改实施多年,但看病贵始终困扰患者。谈判定价应作为攻克看病贵的“常规武器”,实现制度化运行。回头看我国药品的定价方式,市场化方式确实不多,人们总是抱怨用不到疗效好、价格合理的药品,影响了百姓对医改的获得感。集中招标采购制度本是一种较好的市场手段,但在实施过程中,未能对药品质量、有效性进行合理区分,招出的中标价不能体现药品质量、有效性差异,实际上偏离了“质优价廉”的目标。同时,集中招标制度往往针对疗效确定的普药,不是针对创新药、专利药等疗效仍需验证的新药。

当然,对比发达国家的经验,我国医保准入谈判“首秀”仍有待完善,而且谈判结果公布仅仅是第一步,此后的临床使用管理、监测、评估、调整才是重头戏。谈判结果的落实离不开医院对谈判药品的核算管理、地方医保目录的调整适应、药品供应体系的调整等配套措施。期待有关各方冲破旧有的思维束缚,以维护患者利益为导向,推动谈判结果完美落地。

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